Here a numerical simulation model, implemented in Excel, that can be used to expand student understanding of the theory of customs unions is presented. The model allows examination of core customs union issues including trade creation, trade diversion, and the Kemp–Wan theorem. By responding to an experimental assignment that guides them through the simulation, students are able to learn the th...

How can evidence from economic evaluations of the type the Disease Control Priorities project have synthesized be translated to better priority setting? This evidence provides insights into how investing in health, particularly though priority interventions and expanded access to health insurance and prepaid care, can not only save lives but also help alleviate poverty and provide financial ris...

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Background: Customs in the world of business today is one of the most important pillars that regulates trade relations between individuals and legal entities, private, public and international law. Among the actors in this field, in addition to national and transnational governments and companies, there is a new phenomenon called the market. The market plays an important role in considering val...

The East Mediterranean region suffers from high levels of air pollution which has a negative impact on pregnancy outcomes. This work systematically reviews the epidemiological evidence on maternal exposure to air pollution and adverse pregnancy outcomes in the region. Relevant papers and reports published between 2000 and 2014 were searched. Combinations of search terms including countries, exp...