[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the abdominal hollowing exercise on trunk muscle activity during the curl-up exercise on an unstable surface by measuring electromyography (EMG) activity. [Subjects] Fourteen young healthy adults (nine male, five female) voluntarily participated in this study. [Methods] Each subject was asked to perform a curl-up exercise on ...

Tomato production in the Mediterranean region and elsewhere is under constant threat of the whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses that cause Tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD). Sequencing has indicated that the generic ‘TYLCV’ includes a large number of viruses and strains. We studied the distribution of the tomato yellow leaf curl disease-associated viruses in Egypt, Israel, Jordan and Leban...

The wheat curl mite, Aceria tosichella Keifer, is an eriophyid pest of wheat, although its primary economic impact on wheat is due to the transmission of Wheat streak mosaic (WSMV), Wheat mosaic (also known as High Plains virus), and Triticum mosaic (TriMV) viruses. These viruses cause significant annual losses in winter wheat production throughout the western Great Plains. Temperature and humi...

Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) is a severe disease of cotton that occurs in Africa and Pakistan/northwestern India. The disease is caused by begomoviruses in association with specific betasatellites that differ between Africa and Asia. During survey of symptomatic cotton in Sindh (southern Pakistan) Cotton leaf curl Gezira virus (CLCuGV), the begomovirus associated with CLCuD in Africa, was i...

Geminivirus, which causes yellow leaf curl disease of wax gourd plants, was detected using polymerase chain reaction with geminivirus-specific primers. The complete genomic sequence of a geminivirus isolated from wax gourd was determined by sequencing overlapping DNA fragments. The genome consisted of 2739 nucleotides, contained 5 open reading frames (ORFs) typical of geminiviruses, 2 ORFs on t...

Data from a subsurface mooring deployed in the western South China Sea shows clear intra-seasonal oscillations (ISO) at the period of 40~70 days. Analysis of remotelysensed sea surface height (SSH) anomalies in the same area indicates that these ISO signals propagate both eastward and westward. Time-longitude diagrams of ISO signals in SSH anomalies and wind-stress curl indicate that the eastwa...

Some years ago, compactly supported divergence-free wavelets were constructed which also gave rise to a stable (biorthogonal) wavelet splitting of H(div; Ω). These bases have successfully been used both in the analysis and numerical treatment of the Stokes and Navier–Stokes equations. In this paper, we construct stable wavelet bases for the stream function spaces H(curl; Ω). Moreover, curl-free...

BACKGROUND The associations between toe grip strength (TGS) and foot structure are not well known, although foot structure is inferred to affect TGS. This study investigated the associations between TGS and hallux valgus angle (HVA), toe curl ability, and foot arch height (FAH). METHODS This study analysed 227, 20 to 79-year-old, community-dwelling participants. TGS, HVA formed by the first m...