Introduction: Diabetic neuropathy is a common and sever complication of diabetes that its progression can lead to disability and even amputation in diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to determine the effective factors in the event of neuropathy and to assess the cumulative incidence of neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods:</st...

BACKGROUND In studies of all-cause mortality, the fundamental epidemiological concepts of rate and risk are connected through a well-defined one-to-one relation. An important consequence of this relation is that regression models such as the proportional hazards model that are defined through the hazard (the rate) immediately dictate how the covariates relate to the survival function (the risk)...

Aalen’s additive hazards model has gained increasing attention in recently years because it model all covariate effects as time-varying. In this thesis, our goal is to explore the application of Aalen’s model in assessing treatment effect at a given time point with varying covariate effects. First, based on Aalen’s model, we utilize the direct adjustment method to obtain the adjusted survival o...

conclusions: using these factors, nephrologists may predict the occurrence of graft loss or death. if the probability of graft loss was higher, physicians can decrease the immunosuppressive medications dosage to decrease the incidence of graft loss. patients and methods: fine-gray model was used for 266 cases with post-transplant malignancy in iran. these patients were followed-up from the diag...

co-channel interference is a major factor in limiting the capacity and link quality in cellular communications. as the co-channel interference is modeled by lognormal distribution, sum of the co-channel interferences of neighboring cells is represented by the sum of lognormal random variables (rvs) which has no closed-form expression. assuming independent, identically distributed (iid) rvs, the...

Many women experience miscarriage every year. Every fourth woman who has given birth reports that she has previous experience of miscarriage. In a study of all women in the Swedish Medical Birth Register 1983-2003, we found that the number of cases of self reported miscarriage had increased in Sweden during this 21 year period. This increase can be explained by the introduction of sensitive pre...