BACKGROUND Methylmercury (MeHg), known for well over a century as a neurotoxin in adults, has more recently been studied for potential detrimental effects during early brain development. While several studies have estimated mercury exposure, they usually rely on either a single biomarker or questionnaire data, each of which has limitations. The goal of this paper was to develop a toxicokinetic ...

The relationship between external dose and internal dose of trichloroethylene (Tri) was analyzed by using a physiological simulation model. The external dose of Tri was represented by the time-weighted average (TWA) concentration in inhaled air or by the product of exposure concentration and exposure duration, and the internal dose by the area under the curve (AUC) of Tri blood concentration or...

Detailed biochemical investigations of renal function were made on 75 male workers exposed to cadmium and an equal number of referents matched for age, sex, and employment status. The exposed group consisted of current and retired workers who had been employed in the manufacture of copper-cadmium alloy at a single factory in the United Kingdom for periods of up to 39 years and for whom cumulati...

BACKGROUND Inhalation of high levels of airborne inorganic arsenic is a recognized cause of respiratory cancer. Although multiple epidemiologic studies have demonstrated this association, there have been few analyses of the mathematical relationship between cumulative arsenic exposure and risk of respiratory cancer, and no assessment as to whether and how arsenic concentration may modify this a...

The Cumulative Repetitive Learning Model (CRLM) explores a novel approach to learning that draws inspiration from the concept of cumulative addition in statistics. In this model, is viewed as sequential process gradually increasing knowledge through repetitive practice and review. Similar frequency statistics, where numbers are successively added create running total, CRLM emphasizes repeated a...

OBJECTIVES To examine whether underground construction workers exposed to tunnelling pollutants over a follow up period of 8 years have an increased risk of decline in lung function and respiratory symptoms compared with reference subjects working outside the tunnel atmosphere, and relate the findings to job groups and cumulative exposure to dust and gases. METHODS 96 Tunnel workers and a ref...

BACKGROUND The association between crystalline silica exposure and risk of heart disease mortality remains less clear. METHODS We investigated a cohort of 42,572 Chinese workers who were potentially exposed to crystalline silica and followed from 1960 to 2003. Cumulative silica exposure was estimated by linking a job-exposure matrix to each person's work history. Low-level silica exposure was...