water soluble chitosan oligosaccharide (cho) was hydrophobically modified with camptothecin (cpt) in different molar ratios of cpt, and characterized by ft-ir and 1 h-nmr spectroscopy. nanomicelles prepared by these copolymers were analyzed for size, zeta, and length of time they remain stable. the critical micelle concentration (cmc) and dissociation of micelles at physiological ph and acidic ...

background: cytoadherence of plasmodium falciparum - infected red blood cells to endothelial cells is an important mechanism for parasite survival and a major trigger for diseases pathology. here, we de­scribe a new adhesion assay in which different cell types (cho, cho/cd36 and cho/icam-1) are at­tached to cytodex beads in a mini-column format to measure the relative sizes of various binding s...

Precise methods for transgene regulation are important to study signaling pathways and cell lineages in biological systems where gene function is often recycled within and across lineages. We engineered a genetic toolset for flexible transgene regulation in these diverse cellular contexts. Specifically, we created an optimized piggyBac transposon-based system, allowing for the facile generation...

A tetracycline-controlled gene expression system provides a powerful tool to dissect the functions of gene products. However, it often appears difficult to establish cell lines or transgenic animals stably expressing tetracycline-dependent transactivators, possibly as a result of toxicity of the transactivator domains used. In order to overcome this problem, we developed a novel tetracycline-de...

BACKGROUND:Class II transactivator (CIITA) is a dominanttranscriptional element, controlling numerous genes in theimmune system. CIITA is expressed in a constitutive pattern inantigen presenting cells although its expression can occur inother cell types. Since the revelation of CIITA, there have beenconsiderable advances toward understanding its role as anactivator of MHC II genes in humans and...

Altimetry has become the focus of global climate studies because it is the only tool available able to provide both mesoscale (100-500 kIn) and basin-scale (10,000 kIn) circulation information on a global, synoptic basis. . The Atlas-launched Navy Geosat mission proved the capability of the radar altimeter to measure the mesoscale ocean features. A lightsat compatible Geosat Follow-On Technolog...

Circadian clocks have long been known to be essential for the maintenance of physiological and behavioral processes in a variety of organisms ranging from plants to humans. Dysfunctions that subvert gene expression of oscillatory circadian-clock components may result in severe pathologies, including tumors and metabolic disorders. While the underlying molecular mechanisms and dynamics of comple...

The tetracycline (tet)-regulated expression system allows for the inducible overexpression of protein-coding genes, or inducible gene knockdown based on expression of short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs). The system is widely used in mice, however it requires robust expression of a tet transactivator protein (tTA or rtTA) in the cell type of interest. Here we used an in vivo tet-regulated fluorescent re...