Landscape can be explained both fro� positivistic and constructivistic positions. Confusion and contradictions around the landscape paradig� arise fro� different definitions (e.g. geoco�plex versus cultural landscape), the role of landscape boundaries and landscape classifications. �he deli�itation and classification of (natural) landscape units in Saxony (Ger�any), the concept of landscape fun...

Small woods, linear tree formations, or scattered trees in agricultural areas are receiving increasing attention for their multifunctional role, especially if associated to cultural landscapes. Osaki Kodo’s Traditional Water Management System Sustainable Paddy Agriculture represents one of the most important landscapes (satoyama) Japan, also included by FAO GIAHS (Globally Important Agricultura...

despite the close relationship between collective memory and urban structure, as the relationship between what is hidden and what is visible, rapid changes throughout the city have caused a disconnection between integrated memories and landscape cohesion. as a context for memories, the historical urban landscape proves valuable. the present research seeks to identify elements and signs in urban...

The ecosystem services approach is an established framework for the balanced evaluation of ecological, economic and social landscape resources. It promotes functional synergies (win–win situations) as well as trade-offs among various benefits resulting from ecosystem processes. Spatial aspects of heterogeneity and configuration play a major role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem service...

the author in this research has tried to link the alexander pattern language theory, which is based on human oriented and spatial factors, to landscape design, which could come to a cyclic model of “a pattern language for landscape design” in iranian schools of architecture. so, a landscape design process based on the value of human-oriented approach, which is extracted from other values, and t...

As an important cultural pattern, Mingtang affected the construction law of generation and inheritance of Chinese ancient architectural form. Further, it is proved that inherent relevance between cultural pattern and Tang Liuzhou East Pavilion. With function of not only post hostel, but education, recreation and landscape, it still shouldered mission of culture dissemination with political, cul...

Criteria need to be developed to evaluate the cultural environment of European rural landscapes. The goal is to evaluate and encourage the contribution of organic farming to sustainable landscape quality. Two sets of criteria were used to evaluate the quality of the cultural environment, non-expert and expert values. The non-expert values consisted of criteria for the appreciation of the presen...

Cities present significant opportunities for new landscape perspectives that can help inform conservation and development decisions. Early in the twenty-first century, the majority of the planet’s population became urban as more people lived in city-regions for the first time in our history. As the global population increases, so does this urbanization. The environmental challenges of populatio...

This article is focused on historical agricultural landscapes in Slovakia, which have been preserved and have irreplaceable ecological, cultural and historical value. Historical structures of agricultural landscapes (HSAL) are a type of cultural landscape that contains, within a geographic area, both natural and man-made features that typify connected activities, and a cultural expression refle...