c(232)MnCu/Cu(100) is an ordered two-dimensional surface alloy that exhibits a checkerboard arrangement of Mn and Cu atoms on the Cu~100! surface. Mn buckles outwards by 0.3 Å with respect to Cu and in all previous scanning tunneling microscopy ~STM! experiments only one chemical species was imaged which was assumed to be Mn. We analyze the STM results by first-principles calculations based on ...

Chemical vapor deposition of graphene on Cu often employs polycrystalline Cu substrates with diverse facets, grain boundaries (GBs), annealing twins, and rough sites. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron-backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and Raman spectroscopy on graphene and Cu, we find that Cu substrate crystallography affects graphene growth more than facet roughness. We determin...

To assess the impacts of Cu and Zn on fungi, we tested the growth of 18 taxonomically different saprotrophic (basidiomycete, ascomycete and zygomycete) fungi and their production of extracellular oxidative enzymes on Cu(0, 100, 200, 400 mg kg–1) or Zn(0, 100, 200, 400 mg kg–1) containing ABTS (2,2 ́-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) agar plates. Coniothyrium sp. was the most toler...

The effects of copper (Cu) on the yield and Cu uptake of three ecotypes of Elsholtzia splendens and one of Elsholtzia argyi were studied using solution culture. Three Cu concentrations were compared: 0.31 (control), 50 and 100 micromol L(-1). Although E. argyi took up more Cu in the aboveground parts, typical visual symptoms of Cu toxicity appeared when the plants grew in 50 and 100 micromol Cu...

In this work, we examine the effect of surface structure on the heterogeneous nucleation of Pb crystals from the melt at a Cu substrate using molecular-dynamics (MD) simulation. In a previous work [Palafox-Hernandez et al., Acta Mater. 59, 3137 (2011)] studying the Cu/Pb solid-liquid interface with MD simulation, we observed that the structure of the Cu(111) and Cu(100) interfaces was significa...

In mammals, copper (Cu) absorption occurs mostly in the small intestine, and some of the Cu transporters involved in its uptake have been characterised. In fish, however, the regions of the gut involved in Cu absorption and the membrane transport mechanisms responsible for gastrointestinal Cu uptake are unknown. Everted gut sacs and isolated perfused intestine of Clarias gariepinus were used to...

In situ microscopy provides dynamic information about nucleation, growth and coalescence of islands in real time. We utilised in situ ultra-high vacuum transmission electron microscopy to gain fundamental insights into the oxidation of Cu films. A semiquantitative model, where oxygen surface diffusion is the dominant mechanism for transport, nucleation and growth of the copper oxide, describes ...

Using low-energy electron microscopy, we measure the diffusion of Pd into bulk Cu at the Cu(100) surface. Interdiffusion is tracked by measuring the dissolution of the Cu(100)-c(2 × 2)-Pd surface alloy during annealing (T>240 °C). The activation barrier for Pd diffusion from the surface alloy into the bulk is determined to be (1.8 ± 0.6) eV. During annealing, we observe the growth of a new laye...

Using first-principles calculations we studied the energetics surface energy, step energy, stability with respect to faceting of the lowand high-Miller-index vicinal Cu surfaces, namely, the 111 , 100 , 110 , 311 , 331 , 210 , 211 , 511 , 221 , 711 , 320 , 553 , 410 , 911 , and 332 surfaces. Our calculations are based on density-functional theory employing the all-electron full-potential linear...