The research reviewed in this work could not have been done without the support of the National Science Foundation, currently under Grant Number IBN-0235820, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Australian Research Council (Current Grant F00104897), or the National Undersea Research Centers (a NOAA program). We thank the staffs of the Lizard Island Research Station, the Heron Island...

19 20 The dysfunction associated with intersexuality in vertebrates and molluscs is often a 21 serious threat to ecosystems. Although poorly understood, crustacean intersexuality is 22 associated with contamination and includes forms linked to increased sex-ratio distorting 23 parasites at polluted sites. Despite the importance of crustaceans for monitoring 24 vulnerable aquatic habitats, littl...

Organotins (OTs) are considered some of the most toxic chemicals introduced into aquatic environments by anthropogenic activities. They are widely used for agricultural and industrial purposes and as antifouling additives on boat hull's paints. Even though the use of OTs was banned in 2008, elevated levels of OTs can still be detected in aquatic environments. OTs' deleterious effects upon wildl...

In crustaceans, male differentiation and primary and secondary characteristics are regulated by the androgenic gland (AG). In gonochoristic crustaceans, the AG is also linked to intersexuality. Whereas the co-occurrence of various male and female characteristics has been demonstrated in intersex crustaceans, little is known regarding sexually dimorphic behavior patterns in such individuals. In ...

The eggs and broods of crustaceans that carry their embryos attached to their appendages or within a marsupium are examined. Larger crustaceans within an order or suborder have larger eggs than smaller crustaceans but the egg size relative to body size decreases except in 2 groups: the relative volume of the eggs of calanoid copepods and deep-living mysids is maintained at about 1.0 O/O and 0.4...

It has been proposed that crustaceans should be excluded from a comparison of biological responses to ocean acidification among organisms with different calcium carbonate (CaCO3 ) forms in their calcified structures. We re-analysed our data without crustaceans and found high variation in organismal responses within CaCO3 categories. We conclude that the CaCO3 polymorph alone does not predict se...