background: to evaluate the effect of exendine-4 (ex-4), a glucagon-like peptide 1 (glp-1) receptor agonist, on the differentiation of insulin-secreting cells (ipcs) from rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells(admscs). materials and methods: in this experimental study, admscs were isolated from rat adipose tissue and exposed to induction media with or without ex-4. after induction, the exis...

in the private realm. Thus far, Canadians have chosen the ethical principle of distributive justice over that of autonomy as the foundation of their health care system. It will take a great deal of dedication and persistence from medicare’s supporters to keep this foundation from crumbling. A meaningful and accurate understanding of waiting lists that is transparent to physicians, patients and ...

Haitians have been battered from all sides for centuries, almost without respite, with horrors ranging from slavery to extortion, widespread corruption, a cholera epidemic, abject poverty, crumbling infrastructure, hurricanes, and massive earthquakes. Especially when building on rubble, and with needs far outweighing funding, both immediate crises and long term challenges can be overwhelming. U...

Researchers must cope with flooding, power surges, and other difficulties.

Introduction: Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation is the main cause of acute kidney damage. Nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis and oxidative stress are closely related to the pathogenesis of renal I/R injury. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of L-arginine (L-arg) as NO donor and aerobic exercise (EX) and also the combination of L-...

in the presence of uncertainty about what a country can be good at producing, there can be great social value to discovering costs of domestic activities, because such discoveries can be easily imitated. two failures of the laissez – faire outcome are being highlighted: there is too little investment and entrepreneurship ex ante, and too much production diversi-fication ex post. optimal policy ...

In this paper some basic aspects of the theory of graded consequence are reconsidered, based on many results that appeared since the inception of graded consequences in 1986. Relationships of the notion of graded consequence with the notions of consequence in many-valued and fuzzy logics are discussed. Following this, a detailed study is carried out on the necessary conditions that follow from ...