[1] The courtroom is the crucible of the law, where the fire of litigation tests the intellectual and political forces that inform social policy. Discovery the process by which litigants identify and assemble their evidence provides the fuel for the fire. Indeed, not long ago most of the evidence that the discovery process produced was, quite literally, flammable: boxes upon boxes of paper docu...

Rods of Ni-43.5wt% Ti alloy were prepared under various casting conditions. Specimens which were melted in a cordierite crucible and cast in a phosphate-bonded investment mold had less strength and elongation than those melted in a copper crucible and cast in a phosphate-bonded investment mold. All castings exhibited superelasticity at room temperature. The upper limit of recoverable strain was...

To obtain bulk? large-sized orthoferrite single crystals with different rare-earth elements a new crystal growth technology is proposed including modified Czochralski method and using no metal crucibles for melt suspension. For this purpose two unusual Czochralski method modifications are used. In the first one the melt of crystall~zed material 1s obtained at heating the upper surface of pol~cq...

Loss-on-ignition (LOI) is an important thermo-chemical property test for many foundry materials. Applications include new sands, green sand systems, chemically bonded cores and molds, sand additives, and reclaimed sands. LOI has been an important quality control measure carried out off-line. The AFS-defined LOI test uses a muffle furnace that is time consuming, often requiring three hours; a mo...

A Robotic System is being developed to automate the crucible packing process in CZ semiconductor wafer production. It requires the delicate manipulation and packing of highly irregular polycrystalline silicon nuggets, into a fragile fused silica crucible. For this application, a dual optical 3-D surface geometry measuring system that uses active laser triangulation has been developed and succes...

For the nuclear chemistry and for physics of heavy elements, bismuth is one key target materials, as it heaviest stable element. As discussed earlier, compound targets were developed to withstand higher intensive ion beams. In past, Bi 2 O 3 was evaporated from tantalum crucible deposited on carbon backings. melting temperature high (817° C), process at limit cooling features evaporation set-up...