There is a substantial number of cases where the a priori relationship between products is not at all clear in the sense that although apparent to be clear substitutes may turn out to be in fact complements, or vice-versa. This paper aims to study the relationship between …xed and mobile telephony in the United Kingdom and, in particular, address the question if mobile communications crowded ou...

Using a novel dataset of accounting and market information that spans most publicly traded firms over the last century, we show that government deficit financing crowds out nonfinancial corporate debt financing and investment. Specifically, an increase in the supply of treasury debt is associated with a significant reduction in corporate leverage, debt issuances, and investment, but no signific...

THE BUDGET DEFICIT of the federal government has emerged as a central focus in American public policy debate, attracting anxious attention from a variety of constituencies. The left now raises the specter of enlarged deficits in opposition to the increasingly audible calls for tax reduction, while the right continues to cite the same threat against new government spending initiatives. In either...

In crowding, neighboring elements impair the perception of a peripherally presented target. Crowding is often regarded to be a consequence of spatial pooling of information that leads to the perception of textural wholes. We studied the effects of stimulus configuration on crowding using Gabor stimuli. In accordance with previous studies, contrast and orientation discrimination of a Gabor targe...

Private rental markets have become increasingly important since the Global Financial Crisis 2008–2009 and rent controls are back on political agenda. Yet, they received less attention from housing scholars than homeownership public housing. This paper presents new data development of private tenancy legislation based a content-coding control, protection tenants eviction, rationing laws across m...