to determine the neuropharmacological activity of the leaf extract of croton zambesicus in mice and chicks. the effect of aqueous leaf extract of croton zambesicus on thiopental sodium – induced sleeping time in mice, on gross locomotor activity (gla) in 2-day old chicks and effect of extract on apomorphine - induced stereotyped behavior in chicks were evaluated. the aqueous extract (1000 and 1...

Because of the possibility of cocarcinogenic effects of sub stances to which many people are exposed, the mechanism of action of one such agent was examined in 2-stage tumor induc tion experiments. The appearance of new tumors was studied at the end of a series of croton oil treatments, or between treatments given at long intervals in mouse epidermis given a single pretreatment with a carcinoge...

Objective: To investigate the impact of a Croton tiglium extract on cellular proliferation and apoptosis in a nonsmall cell lung cancer cell line (A549) in vitro. Methods: A Croton tiglium seed methanol extract was prepare and assessed for effects on A549 cells regarding cellular proliferation, apoptotic rates, and expression of apoptosis related genes and proteins using real-time PCR and immun...

The anti-inflammatory effects of an ethanol extract of Angelica gigas (EAG) were investigated in vitro and in vivo using croton oil-induced inflammation models. Croton oil (20 microg/mL) up-regulated mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-I and COX-II in the macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7, resulting in the release of high concentrations of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)). EAG (1 approximately 10 ...

The antibacterial activities of three Croton species were compared using bioautography and the serial microdilution methods. The methanolic extracts of all the species had low activity against Escherichia coli. The highest activity was observed with Croton megalobotrys against Enterococcus faecalis with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.02 mg/ml. Croton steenkapianus extracts ...

A single application of 0.5% croton oil to mouse skin stimulates nucleic acid and protein synthesis in the treated area. The maximum rates of synthesis were attained at 6 hours for RNA, 12 hours for protein, and 18 hours for DNA. By 48-72 hours, the rate of synthesis of RNA and protein was returning to normal, but the rate of DNA synthesis was still 2-3 times the control value. In order to test...

A single application of 0.5% croton oil to mouse skin stimulates nucleic acid and protein synthesis in the treated area. The maximum rates of synthesis were attained at 6 hours for RNA, 12 hours for protein, and 18 hours for DNA. By 48-72 hours, the rate of synthesis of RNA and protein was returning to normal, but the rate of DNA synthesis was still 2-3 times the control value. In order to test...

Croton scarciesii (Euphorbiaceae-Crotonoideae), a rheophytic shrub from West Africa, is shown to have been misplaced in Croton for 120 years, having none of the diagnostic characters of that genus, but rather a set of characters present in no known genus of the family. Pollen analysis shows that the new genus Karima belongs to the inaperturate crotonoid group. Analysis of a concatenated molecul...

Varying the strength of the croton oil in a phenol peel solution can customize the peel to suit the needs of each patient and address delicate areas, such as the eyelids and the neck. Here the author presents important refinements in phenol-croton oil peel application.

All published names of Croton from Madagascar, the Comoros, and the Mascarenes are treated here. We indicate which names are currently accepted (123 native species and 1 introduced), which ones we consider to be heterotypic synonyms (188), which ones are doubtful (25), and which ones should be excluded (5). We newly designate lectotypes for 108 names, and epitypes for C. anisatus Baill., C. nob...