Rigorous Deductive Argumentation for Socially Relevant Issues Dustin Wehr Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Computer Science University of Toronto 2015 The most important problems for society are describable only in vague terms, dependent on subjective positions, and missing highly relevant data. This thesis is intended to revive and further develop the view that giving non-trivial, r...

This Journal recently published an article by Douglas Weed (1) dedicated to criticizing our meta-analysis, which identified evidence of a causal association between non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and benzene and between NHL and petroleum refinery work (2). The whole of Weed’s article is devoted to criticizing our paper, although under the pretext of using our work as a ‘‘case study.’’ Although we a...

This research aims at explaining Al-Hafiz Al-Iraqi approach (Died in 806 AH) criticizing the narrators his book Tarḥ al-Tathrῑb, by knowing evaluation on them, and comparing sayings with of other scholars showing extent agreement disagreement whether he is right or not. Results showed that al-Iraqi one moderate (al-Jarh wa’l-Ta’dil. Findings also used general expression did not indicate level c...

Although freedom of speech is a Constitutionally protected and widely endorsed value, political tolerance research finds that people are less willing to protect speech they dislike than speech they like (Gibson, 2006). Research also suggests liberal-conservative differences in political tolerance (Davis & Silver, 2004). We measured U.S. citizens’ political tolerance for speech acts, while manip...

Building upon psychological conflict theory, on the one hand, and item-response models, on the other, the present paper develops an integrated methodology that aims at differentiating the various ways of criticizing Israel. An application of this methodology to the Anti-Semitism and Criticism of Israel (ASCI) survey found two ways of criticizing Israel resulting from two different and antipodal...

Th e In st it u t e of E con om ic Resea r ch H it ot su ba shi Un iversity Ku n it a ch i, Tokyo, 186-8603 J a pa n Summary. In this paper, criticizing the welfarist's framework in traditional welfare economics which provides a rather limited perspective for social evaluation, we propose a more comprehensive framework in which extended social ordering functions (ESOFs) are introduced. In this ...

We agree with Bara and Joffe that there is a need for improvement of reporting quality in animal research (AR) [1]. Presenting details on both methods used and potential cofounders during AR is not only important to reproduce results, and to ensure animal welfare (AW) and public support, it is a duty when animals are compromised, stressed or sacrificed to understand diseases or to identify trea...

In a typical brainstorming method, criticism must be withheld for creative ideation. We envisage a web-based system that is designed to avoid possible negative influences of, and make good use of, critical thinking to generate creative ideas. To investigate its plausibility, we developed a system in which people participate collectively in a sequence of processes including generating, criticizi...

As such, there is no doubt that the manufacturing industry has been playing the leading part in the development of Japanese industries, but at the same time it cannot be overlooked that in the background there were severe competition among enterprises and also technological innovation. For the latter in particular, the manufacturing industry after the war to 1960s concentrated on how to 'catch ...