background: bleeding events in hemophilic patients with inhibitors are managed by bypassing agents. currently available agents in iran are recombinant activated factor vii (rfviia; aryogen, aryoseven) and feiba (factor eight inhibitor bypassing agent). no standardized and accurate assay is currently available for monitoring the effectiveness of bypassing agents. we suggested that history of the...

background posttraumatic stress disorder (ptsd) is a severe anxiety disorder occurred due to past adverse experiences. several researches have demonstrated that ptsd is quite common among patients discharged from critical care unit. conclusions prevalence of ptsd is high among patients discharged from icus and some medical individual factors such as elderly, unemployed, being single, using mech...

In the first section respiratory failure and management is described in a most lucid and readable style. This is followed by a section on circulatory crises in which monitoring is clearly explained and such mysteries as the Swan Ganz catheter are unveiled. Fluid balance is well handled but this is followed by a very weak chapter on the acute abdomen. It is difficult to see why Mittelschmerz, he...

Critical ill patients experience acute physiological changes because the body cannot fulfill the oxygen demand to perform normal aerobic metabolism. Factors determining oxygen delivery include cardiac output, hemoglobin, and oxygen saturation. Incapability to fulfill adequate oxygen of the body to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) may occur due to decreased oxygen delivery and/or increased o...

cancer patients experience several stressors and emotional upheavals. fear of death, interruption of life plans, changes in body image and self-esteem, changes in social role and lifestyle are all important issues to be faced. moreover, depressive disorders may impact the course of the disease and compliance. the cost and prevalence, the impairment caused and the diagnostic and therapeutic unce...

Introduction The complexity of the care provided for critically ill patients frequently leads to medical errors with potential harm. To improve standards of care, each incident should be recorded, reported and discussed within the team. The reporting system highlights where errors were made and what lessons can be learnt from such incidents. These are commonly reported as “critical incidents” o...

Medical Virtual Patient Simulator (MedVPS) is a cutting-edge eLearning innovation for medical and other health professionals. It consists of a framework that supports various patient cases, tailored by interdisciplinary medical teams. Each virtual patient case follows the critical path to be followed for a specific patient in a hospital. MedVPS takes the student on a journey that enables the st...