To achieve craniofacial symmetry is one of the important goals of orthodontic and orthognathic treatment planning. With the increasing popularity of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in recent years, it is frequently considered for three-dimensional evaluation of craniofacial asymmetry. Currently, there are no published reviews reporting craniofacial modularization to explain the aggravated ...

BACKGROUND Although functional immobility of craniofacial structures during direct laryngoscopy may cause difficult tracheal intubation (DTI), there may be an unfavorable specific craniofacial feature for successful tracheal intubation. The aim of this study was to identify the specific craniofacial features associated with DTI. METHODS Digital photographs of nonobese patients with DTI (23 ma...

the robert/sc (pseudothalidomide) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, associated with phocomelia and craniofacial abnormalities. an anomalous fetus with lower limb phocomelia and micromelia, lumbar myeloschisis, upper limb and ribs defects and craniofacial abnormalities is reported whose diabetic mother took mebendazole and glibenclamide in early pregnancy. ultrasonographic finding...

Past investigations of Down's syndrome (DS) have indicated that there are marked abnormalities in the craniofacial morphology. The aim of this study was to establish the craniofacial anthropometric variables which discriminate DS group from healthy population and also to observe the changes occurring with growth. Using noninvasive method of craniofacial anthropometry, craniofacial pattern profi...

Introdouction: Fibrous dysplasia is a benign fibro-osseous lesion that affects craniofacial bones including the maxilla and mandible. In the most cases of fibrous dysplasia of facial bones, radiographic findings represent lucent or mixed radiolucent-radiopaque lesion with ill-defined borders and gradual blending of its border with adjacent bone . In this presentation, a patient suffering ...

Patients with Patau's syndrome (Trisomy 13) have multiple craniofacial, cardiac, neurological and renal anomalies with very less life expectancy. Among craniofacial anomalies cleft lip and palate are common. These craniofacial and cardiac anomalies present difficulties with anesthesia. We therefore describe the anesthetic management in the case of a Trisomy 13 child for operated for cleft lip a...

BACKGROUND Craniofacial diseases constitute an important component of the surgical disease burden in low- and middle-income countries. The consideration to introduce craniofacial surgery into such settings poses different questions, risks, and challenges compared with cleft or other forms of plastic surgery. We report the evolution, innovations, and challenges of a 30-year international craniof...

Cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome (CFC) is a RASopathy that is characterized by craniofacial, dermatologic, gastrointestinal, ocular, cardiac, and neurologic anomalies. CFC is caused by activating mutations in the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway that is downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling. RTK signaling is known to play a central role in craniofaci...