A new approach for analyzing cracked problems in 2D orthotropic materials using the well-known element free Galerkin method and orthotropic enrichment functions is proposed. The element free Galerkin method is a meshfree method which enables discontinuous problems to be modeled efficiently. In this study, element free Galerkin is extrinsically enriched by the recently developed crack-tip orthot...

Recent reports suggest that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) could be a biomarker for relapse, drug craving and withdrawal severity. In particular, elevated BDNF levels among former cocaine users have been associated with higher rates of relapse in 90 d. However, no data are available on BDNF levels at baseline and during crack cocaine withdrawal. This study evaluated BDNF among crack c...

In this paper we consider classical and variational of fracture dynamic problems with taking into account a contact interaction of the crack edges. An algorithm for the solution of the elastodynamic contact problem with unilateral constrain has been developed. It arises from the boundary variational principle of elastodynamics for bodies with cracks and unilateral constrains on their sides. Som...

In this paper, the thermo-mechanical reliability of Cu/ultra low-k interconnects under chip to package interaction was investigated using finite element modeling and modified edge liftoff test (MELT). The crack propagation behavior in the low-k interconnect was simulated based on the crack tip opening displacement method (CTOD) and the maximum hoop stress criterion. In a six-level Cu/low-k inte...

The consumption of crack can constitute in an inauthentic form of the existence that leads a person to live improperly the being-toward-death. Given this reality, this study aimed to comprehend the significance of death and dying for the user of crack and to unveil the meanings attributed to this significance. This qualitative study was conducted, based on the phenomenological method, with 12 c...

Three-dimensional dislocation dynamics simulations are used to study micro-crack interaction with the first micro-structural barrier in face-centred cubic bi-crystals loaded in high cycle fatigue conditions. In the examined configuration, we assumed that micro-crack transmission occurs due to surface relief growth in the secondary grain ahead of the primary crack. This indirect transmission mec...

This work deals with the interaction of P-waves between a moving central crack and a pair of outer cracks situated at the interface of an orthotropic layer and an elastic half-space. Initially, we considered a two-dimensional elastic wave equation in orthotropic medium. The Fourier transform has been applied to convert the basic problem to solve the set of four integral equations. These set of ...

In 2004, a team comprised of researchers and service providers launched the Safer Crack Use, Outreach, Research and Education (SCORE) project in the Downtown Eastside of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The project was aimed at developing a better understanding of the harms associated with crack cocaine smoking and determining the feasibility of introducing specific harm reduction strategie...

We investigate theoretically statistics and thermally activated dynamics of crack nucleation and propagation in a two-dimensional heterogeneous material containing quenched randomly distributed defects. We consider a crack tip dynamics accounting for dissipation, thermal noise and the random forces arising from the elastic interactions of the crack opening with the defects. The equation of moti...