n engl j med 376;3 nejm.org January 19, 2017 C analysis in U.S. health care seems poised for a second act of sorts. Although it has never actually gone away, efforts to apply it have encountered resistance, and the federal government and some health care organizations have sometimes prohibited its use or relegated it to a minor role. But several developments are helping to recharge the field. O...

priority setting of health interventions is generally considered as a valuable approach to support low- and middle-income countries (lmics) in their strive for universal health coverage (uhc). however, present initiatives on priority setting are mainly geared towards the development of more cost-effectiveness information, and this evidence does not sufficiently support countries to make optimal...

1 Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine and Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, 2 Center for Health Policy and Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, 3 Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health...

objectives the aim of this study was to study the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio associated with the use of heat and moisture exchangers (hme) filter to prevent vap compared with the heated humidifiers (hh) presently adopted by intensive care unit (icu) services within the brazilian healthcare unified system. patients and methods this study was a cost-effectiveness analysis (cea) comparin...

OBJECTIVE To assess the cost-effectiveness of inactivated and live attenuated Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccines given to infants and children in Shanghai. METHODS A decision-analytical model was constructed in order to compare costs and outcomes for three hypothetical cohorts of 100,000 children followed from birth in 1997 to the age of 30 years who received either no JE vaccine, inactivate...

In low and middle income countries, health workers are essential for the delivery of health interventions. However, inadequate health-worker performance is a very widespread problem. We present an overview of issues and evidence about the determinants of performance and strategies for improving it. Health-worker practices are complex behaviours that have many potential influences. Reviews of in...

This chapter gives an overview of benefit-cost analysis (BCA) and similar evaluation tools, such as cost-effectiveness analysis and technology-based standards, in the context of public health. We describe these evaluation tools, how they are used, their shortcomings, and how they should be interpreted. As with other powerful tools, they are subject to misuse and misinterpretation, even by profe...