Because cone outer segments (COS) are now known to be continually renewed, I reexamined COS morphogenesis in retinas of Xenopus tadpoles (prepared by standard histologic techniques and viewed by light and electron microscopy) to clarify how COS incorporate new membrane. I observed that developing COS underwent an unexpected shape change: they were always conical, but their taper (width divided ...

Some facts about sines and cosines: • cos(A+B) = cos(A) cos(B)− sin(A) sin(B) • sin(A+B) = sin(A) cos(B) + cos(A) sin(B) • Cosine is an even function: cos(−θ) = cos(θ) • Sine is an odd function: sin(−θ) = − sin(θ) • cos(ωt− π/2) = sin(ωt) • R cos(ωt + φ) = R sin(φ) cos(ωt) + R cos(φ) sin(ωt), and any wave form can be written as a linear combination of sines and cosines. Similarly, A sin(ωt) +B ...

BACKGROUND Core outcome sets (COS) can enhance the relevance of research by ensuring that outcomes of importance to health service users and other people making choices about health care in a particular topic area are measured routinely. Over 200 COS to date have been developed, but the clarity of these reports is suboptimal. COS studies will not achieve their goal if reports of COS are not com...

The electro-active third component (BID)-incorporated PM6-B10-based organic solar cell shows a high performance (PCE = 17.2%) and mechanical stretchability (COS avg 11.4%), outperforming the PM6-based device 15.8%, COS 2.0%).

Significance Assessment for large-scale photosynthesis-climate feedbacks is needed. Carbonyl sulfide (COS) an emerging proxy the terrestrial photosynthesis. This limited by uncertainties related to magnitudes of COS sources and sinks. Here, we demonstrate measurement-based assessments isotopic signal of: tropospheric COS, marine anthropogenic emissions, fractionation plant uptake. All these res...

BACKGROUND There are few studies on pediatric HIV-HBV coinfection, so evidences about relationships between the two viruses are scarce. OBJECTIVES influence of HBV infection on virological and immunological response to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in antiretroviral-naïve horizontally HIV-HBV coinfected subjects during early childhood. MATERIAL AND METHODS observational study on 826 HIV+ sub...

To enhance the mechanical and antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticle impregnated cellulosic fibers, carboxy-cellulose nanocrystals(CCNs) were grafted with chitooligosaccharide(COS), which was used as a stabilizer for nanoparticles (AgNPs). Nanofibrous membranes reinforced fibers(CCN-COS-AgNP) prepared via electrospinning using polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) matrix. The effects CCN-COS-AgNP con...

One can prove the following propositions: (1) For all real numbers a, b holds −(a + bi) = −a + (−b)i. (2) For all real numbers a, b such that b > 0 there exists a real number r such that r = b · −⌊ b ⌋ + a and 0 ¬ r and r < b. (3) Let a, b, c be real numbers. Suppose a > 0 and b ­ 0 and c ­ 0 and b < a and c < a. Let i be an integer. If b = c + a · i, then b = c. (4) For all real numbers a, b h...

Carbonyl sulfide (COS) and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) fluxes from an urban Cynodon dactylon lawn and adjacent bare soil were measured during April-July 2005 in Guangzhou, China. Both the lawn and bare soil acted as sinks for COS and sources for DMS. The mean fluxes of COS and DMS in the lawn (-19.27 and 18.16 pmol/(m2 sec), respectively) were significantly higher than those in the bare soil (-9.89 ...

1 Trigonometric Functions We recall the following identities for trigonometric functions. Theorem 1.1. For all x ∈ R, cos(−x) = cos(x) and sin(−x) = − sin(x). Theorem 1.2. For all α, β ∈ R, cos(α + β) = cos(α) cos(β)− sin(α) sin(β). Theorem 1.3. For all α, β ∈ R, sin(α+ β) = sin(α) cos(β) + cos(α) sin(β). Proof. For small positive angles (so α+ β is less than a right angle), the identities from...