Solar fuel production, the process whereby an energy-rich substance is produced using electrons provided by water under exposure to sunlight, requires the cooperative accumulation of multiple numbers of photons. Identifying the optimum reagents is a difficult challenge, even without imposing the restriction that these same materials must function as both sensitiser and catalyst. The blockade ca...

Chiral metal catalysts have been widely applied to asymmetric transformations. However, the electronic structure of the catalyst and how it contributes to the activation of the substrate is seldom investigated. Here, we report an empirical approach for providing insights into the catalytic activation process in the distorted Ni(II)-catalysed asymmetric [3+2] cycloaddition of α-ketoesters. We qu...

the performance of women agribusiness cooperatives in oyo state, nigeria was assessed in this study. the study employed a multi-stage sampling technique to select 6 women cooperative groups (aggregating to 175 individuals); 36 individual women; and 4 institutions across 6 lgas in two agricultural zones of the state. findings show that majority (55.6%) of the respondents belong to processing org...

Dehydroformylation, or the reaction of aldehydes to produce alkenes, hydrogen gas, and carbon monoxide, is a powerful transformation that is underdeveloped despite the high industrial importance of the reverse reaction, hydroformylation. Interestingly, nature routinely performs a related transformation, oxidative dehydroformylation, in the biosynthesis of cholesterol and related sterols under m...

The field of organocatalysis has blossomed over the past few decades, becoming an alternative to transition-metal catalysis or even replacing the realm of transition-metal catalysis. However, a truly powerful organocatalyst with a high turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) while retaining high enantioselectivity is yet to be discovered. Similar to metal catalysis, extremely low cat...

Recently, mesoporous carbon nitride (MCN) has aroused extensive interest for its potential applications in organocatalysis, photo- and electrochemistry and CO2 capture. However, further surface functionalization of MCN for advanced nanomaterials and catalysis still remains very challenging. Here we show that acidic carboxyl groups can be smoothly introduced onto the surface of well-ordered MCN ...

From the synthetic point of view, organic synthesis via catalytic processes offers many benefits. Catalysis frequently obviates the excessive use of the activating reagents and associated tedious purification processes, thereby offering more environmentally benign synthetic processes. Furthermore, the specific activation mode of a catalyst allows for highly chemoselective transformations that a...

Since their first appearance, cooperatives have proved to be a viable alternative promoting the legitimate interests of disadvantaged groups population, such as rural ones, refugees, immigrants, unemployed, elderly or disabled, who discovered in means needed improve own material situation. The founders cooperative society formulated some principles activity for administration cooperative. Today...

Experimental studies have shown that the C-H oxidation of Ibuprofen and methylcyclohexane acetic acid can be carried out with high selectivities using [(terpy')Mn(OH(2))(mu-O)(2)Mn(OH(2))(terpy')](3+) as catalyst, where terpy' is a terpyridine ligand functionalized with a phenylene linker and a Kemp's triacid serving to recognize the reactant via H-bonding. Experiments, described here, suggest ...

Clonal selection and transcriptional reprogramming (e.g., epithelial-mesenchymal transition or phenotype switching) are the predominant theories thought to underlie tumor progression. However, a "division of labor" leading to cooperation among tumor-cell subpopulations could be an additional catalyst of progression. Using a zebrafish-melanoma xenograft model, we found that in a heterogeneous se...