The crystallization behavior of the supercooled bulk metallic glass-forming Zr41Ti14Cu12Ni10Be23 liquid was studied with different heating and cooling rates. A rate of about 1 K/s is sufficient to suppress crystallization of the melt upon cooling from the equilibrium liquid. Upon heating, in contrast, a rate of about 200 K/s is necessary to avoid crystallization. The difference between the crit...

We have determined the metallographic cooling rates for 13 IVA irons using the most recent and most accurate metallographic cooling rate model. Group IVA irons have cooling rates that vary from 6600 C/Myr at the low-Ni end of the group to 100 C/Myr at the high-Ni end of the group. This large cooling rate range is totally incompatible with cooling in a mantled core which should have a uniform co...

AIM OF THE STUDY The effectiveness and safety of non-invasive surface cooling was compared to invasive endovascular cooling in an animal model. METHODS Eight healthy pigs (29-38 kg) were cooled twice, starting in the first 4 pigs with unique surface cooling pads followed by endovascular cooling. In the second 4 pigs the order was reversed. The goal was to quickly lower pulmonary artery temper...

Abstract: transformation temperature and different ferrite morphologies in one Nb-microalloyed (HSLA) steel has beeninvestigated. Three different austenite grain sizes were selected and cooled at two different cooling rates for obtainingaustenite to ferrite transformation temperature. Moreover, samples with specific austenite grain size have beenquenched, partially, for investigation on the mic...

An improved computer simulation program has been developed and used to re-measure the metallographic cooling rates of the IIIAB irons, the largest iron meteorite chemical group. The formation of this chemical group is attributed to fractional crystallization of a single molten metallic core during solidification. Group IIIAB irons cooling rates vary by a factor of 6 from 56 to 338 C/My. The coo...

The ice crystal formation is assumed as the most lethal factor for the failure of fish embryo cryopreservation and intracellular ice formation (IIF) plays a central role in cell injury during cooling. The objectives were to observe the morphological changes of red seabream (Pagrus major) embryo during the cooling-thawing process, and to examine the effect of cryoprotectant and cooling rate on t...