Using angle-resolved Raman spectroscopy, we show that a resonantly excited ground-state exciton-polariton fluid behaves like a nonequilibrium coolant for its host solid-state semiconductor microcavity. With this optical technique, we obtain a detailed measurement of the thermal fluxes generated by the pumped polaritons. We thus find a maximum cooling power for a cryostat temperature of 50 K and...

We put forward an alternative view to the Bondi–driven feedback between heating and cooling of the intra-cluster medium (ICM) in cooling flow (CF) galaxies and clusters. We adopt the popular view that the heating is due to an active galactic nucleus (AGN), i.e. a central black hole accreting mass and launching jets and/or winds. We propose that the feedback occurs with the entire cool inner reg...

Induced hypothermia is an acknowledged useful therapy for treating conditions that lead to cell and tissue damage caused by ischemia, including traumatic brain injury, stroke, and cardiac arrest. An accumulating body of clinical evidence, together with several decades of research, has documented that the efficacy of hypothermia is dependent on achieving a reduced temperature in the target tissu...

The 1997–98 El Niño was both unusually strong and terminated unusually. Warm eastern equatorial Pacific (EEqP) sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) exceeded 4°C at the event peak and lasted well into boreal spring of 1998, even though subsurface temperatures began cooling in December 1997. The oceanic processes that controlled this unusual termination are explored here and can be character...

A succession of Late Campanian- Early Maastrichtian is analyzed from Gurpi Formation with regard to the calcareous nannofossils. Correlation Matrix was applied for the first time to the entire nannofossil assemblage to reconstruct environmental conditions. A detailed quantitative calcareous nannofossil analyses is performed on samples in order to further investigate the climate events, and inte...

background and goal: burn is an irreparable event, which results in numerous physical, psychological, social, and economic complications. the burned patients should be merely treated in a professional burn center due to vast clinical range of these patients. since, a percentage of mortality in burned patients is for the patients’ transportation from other centers; this study has aimed to invest...

BACKGROUND In 2007, a national heat plan was introduced in the Netherlands to effectively protect vulnerable populations (such as institutionalised elderly people) against heatwaves. The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which the measures recommended in this heat plan had been implemented, and could be implemented, in long-term care institutions in Amsterdam three years on. METHO...