The effects of molecular confinement and crowding on enzyme kinetics were studied at length scales and under conditions similar to those found in biological cells. These experiments were carried out using a nanofluidic network of channels constituting a nanofluidic gradient mixer, providing the basis for measuring multiple experimental conditions simultaneously. The 100 nm × 40 μm nanochannels ...

Novel pregna-5, 7-dienes were synthesized and subjected to UVB irradiation to generate the corresponding pre-D intermediates, tachysterol and lumisterol analogs. The kinetics of the conversion from each of the pre-D intermediates to the corresponding novel D analogs was investigated by using real time 1H NMR measurements inside the NMR magnet. Both the length and composition of the side chains ...

The effect of the coupling between heterogeneous catalytic reactions supported by an ion transport membrane (ITM) and gas-phase chemistry on fuel conversion and oxygen permeation in ITM reactors is examined. In ITM reactors, thermochemical reactions take place in the gas-phase and on the membrane surface, both of which interact with oxygen permeation. However, this coupling between gas-phase an...