OBJECTIVE To assess the risk of venous thrombosis in current users of different types of hormonal contraception, focusing on regimen, oestrogen dose, type of progestogen, and route of administration. DESIGN National cohort study. SETTING Denmark, 1995-2005. PARTICIPANTS Danish women aged 15-49 with no history of cardiovascular or malignant disease. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Adjusted rate ra...

BACKGROUND In Ethiopia, the prevalence of modern contraceptive use is very low (27 %) and the percentage of those with unmet needs for family planning is 25 %. The current study identified factors associated with the utilization of modern contraceptive methods among married women in Western Ethiopia. METHODS A community based, cross-sectional study was employed from April 10 to April 25, 2014...

OBJECTIVE To compare the risk of non-fatal venous thromboembolism in women receiving oral contraceptives containing drospirenone with that in women receiving oral contraceptives containing levonorgestrel. DESIGN Nested case-control and cohort study. SETTING The study was based on information from PharMetrics, a United States based company that collects information on claims paid by managed ...

Background The prevalence of modern contraceptive use is an important indicator that reflects accessibility to reproductive health services. Satisfying unmet needs for family planning alone could reduce the number of maternal deaths by almost a third. This study uses multiple data sources to examine multilevel factors associated with the use of modern contraceptives among married women in Vietn...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of the contraindicated use of oral contraceptives and the associated factors in Brazilian women. METHODS 20,454 women who answered the VIGITEL survey in 2008 also participated in this study, of which 3,985 reported using oral contraceptives. We defined the following conditions for the contraindicated use of contraceptives: hypertension; cardiovascular dise...

BACKGROUND Interest is growing in moving oral contraceptives over-the-counter (OTC), although concerns exist about whether women would continue to get preventive health screening. STUDY DESIGN We recruited cohorts of US-resident women who obtained oral contraceptives from US family planning clinics (n=532) and OTC from pharmacies in Mexico (n=514) and interviewed them four times over 9 months...

In a cross sectional study of 137 women of childbearing age (16-40) the effects of normal pregnancy, hypertensive pregnancy, and oral contraceptives on red cell electrolyte content and sodium efflux rates were examined and the results compared with values in a control group of normotensive, non-pregnant women. Efflux rate constants were significantly increased in normotensive pregnancy and in w...

INTRODUCTION Family planning is one of the cost-effective strategies in reducing maternal and child morbidity and mortality rates. Yet in Uganda, the contraceptive prevalence rate is only 30% among married women in conjunction with a persistently high fertility rate of 6.2 children per woman. These demographic indicators have contributed to a high population growth rate of over 3.2% annually. T...

conclusions cmm in yazd is a low-incidence skin tumor that shows a relatively fixed incidence between 1988 and 2008, higher incidences of cmm were found in sun-exposed areas (especially head and neck areas), with more incidence in men. skin cancers and cmm incidence in iran is lower than western countries, most probably due to geographical zone, genetic factors, skin type, society-related custo...

The high population growth rate has been associated with the increased level of poverty, morbidity, mortality, and decreased life expectancy. Modern contraception is an important factor in controlling fertility through prevention unintended unwanted pregnancies. Contraception (birth control) prevents pregnancy by interfering normal process ovulation, fertilization, implantation. Contraceptive u...