This study aimed to evaluate the survival rate of microorganisms within different antiseptic formulations - povidone-iodine (PVP-I) and chlorhexidine (CHX) - after intentional contamination, and to establish the minimum care necessary to ensure sterilization of non-disposable antiseptic solution containers. A laboratory study was performed with 180 antiseptic containers, which were contaminated...

Containers are a neat representation of a wide class of set functors. We have previously [1] introduced directed containers as a concise representation of comonad structures on such functors. Here we examine interpreting the opposite categories of containers and directed containers. We arrive at a new view of a di↵erent (considerably narrower) class of set functors and monads on them, which we ...

Field trials on the initial and long-term efficacy of a new formulation of temephos granules (1% on zeolite) applied at 1 ppm active ingredient (AI) were conducted in water-storage containers against Aedes aegypti in 3 villages in the Kanchanaburi Province in Thailand. A total of 316 water-storage containers of various types and sizes were included in the study. In the initial survey, we found ...

In this work, we consider the problem of optimizing the retrieval of containers from a bay in a fixed sequence. When there are other containers on top of the container to be retrieved, there may be alternative locations for those containers to be relocated. So it is essential to develop algorithms that find “good” locations in order to minimize the total time of the retrieval. In the literature...

BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission among people who inject drugs remains a challenging public health problem. We investigated the risk of HCV transmission by analyzing the direct association of HCV with filters, water to dilute drugs, and water containers. METHODS Experiments were designed to replicate practices by people who inject drugs and include routinely used injection equi...