The locational Marginal Pricing (LMP) is very important issue in deregulated environment. This paper provides a method to minimize the locational marginal pricing in the energy market. This market works under locational marginal pricing, i.e., generating units and demand loads are paid and pay, respectively, the locational marginal prices corresponding to the nodes they are connected to. An ind...

The Differentiated Services framework (DiffServ) has been proposed to provide multiple Quality of Service (QoS) classes over IP networks. A network supporting multiple classes of service also requires a differentiated pricing structure. In this work, we propose a pricing algorithm in a DiffServ environment based on the cost of providing different levels of quality of service to different classe...

This paper considers second-best congestion pricing in the monocentric city, with endogenous residential density and endogenous labour supply. A spatial general equilibrium model is developed that allows consideration of the three-way interactions between urban density, traffic congestion and labour supply. Congestion pricing schemes are analyzed that are second-best ‘by design’ (and not becaus...

This study examines how methods proposed to price traffic in the fixed Internet can be accepted by customers of 3G mobile services. Most previously proposed congestion pricing models are complicated and therefore difficult to be accepted by customers. Simple data pricing methods are needed in today’s 3G networks. A congestion pricing method is proposed only for customers willing to pay more dur...

.4bstract— [n this paper we present a comparative stndy of a few simple but representative usage-based pricing strategies. For the current best-effort Internet, we introduce a QoS sensitive pricing mechanism which takes into account the fact that the quality of received audio degrades as the number of hops traversed by the msdio packets increases. We compare the QoS sensitive pricing with flat ...

For several decades growth of traffic volumes has outstripped investments in road infrastructure. The result has been a relentless increase in traffic congestion. This paper reviews the economic principles behind congestion pricing in static and dynamic settings, which derive from the benefits of charging travellers for the externalities they create. Special attention is paid to various complic...

This paper describes the use of Congestion Pricing as a means of providing Congestion Control and Di erentiated Quality of Service. The application of the proposed technique to the Internet Protocol has the advantage that it can be simply implemented using Explicit Congestion Noti cation. In particular: the network mechanism is independent of higher level protocols; the end systems can continue...

In a network with enhancements for QoS support, pricing of network services based on the level of service, usage, and congestion provides a natural and equitable incentive for applications to adapt their sending rates according to network conditions. In this paper, we first propose a dynamic, congestion-sensitive pricing algorithm, and also develop the demand behavior of adaptive users based on...

This paper investigates and compares airport pricing policies under various types of competition, considering both per-passenger and per-flight charges at congested airports. We show that an airport requires both pricing instruments to achieve the first-best outcome, and we distinguish their role by showing that congestion externalities need to be addressed through per-flight tolls whereas the ...