Background: Intrauterine infections (TORCH) lead to the involvement of various organs of the body of the fetus, including the eye. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and clinical response of eye lesions to specific drugs, in infants with confirmed TORCH induced ocular lesions. Methods: This historical cohort study from 2011 to 2017, had done in Pediatrics and Ophthalmology De...

The assessment of a child with nystagmus involves first of all ensuring that the observed eye movement disturbance is genuine nystagmus rather than one of the stimulating disorders, particularly opsoclonus. Rather than a rhythmic to and fro oscillation as seen in nystagmus, children with opsoclonus demonstrate bursts of rapid (saccadic) eye movements that are multidirectional (horizontal, obliq...

ably affects development, as well as maintenance of neurons, because there is neuropathological and clinical progression. Inherited autonomic neuropathies are a rare group of disorders associated with sensory dysfunction. As a group they are termed the "hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies" (HSAN). Classification of the various autonomic and sensory disorders is ongoing. Phenotypic exp...

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is the most common congenital deficit. As non genetic contributions congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV) is the most frequent cause for this disease. In 10% 20% of patients with sensorineural hearing loss intrauterine infection with cytomegalovirus is diagnosed. Hearing impairment due to CMV can be diagnosed at birth; nevertheless 33% 50% is late-onset l...

Congenital hearing loss is a sensory impairment affecting the speech and language development of a child. There are various causes leading to the congenital loss of hearing. One of the most common causes is the infection due to Rubella virus [1]. Rubella (German measles) is contagious viral infection caused by Rubella virus (RuV) to the fetus during pregnancy [2] WHO (World health organisation)...

purpose: to evaluate demographic and ocular features, etiologies and outcomes of surgery in patients with sensory strabismus as well as to detect factors influencing the type of deviation and outcomes. methods: one hundred and seventy-seven patients with strabismus related to low vision included in this interventional case series. data related to demographic features, visual acuity, refraction,...

Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN) is a group of genetic disorders involving varying sensory and autonomic dysfunction. HSAN types IV and V are characterized by congenital generalized loss of pain and thermal sensation. HSAN type IV is additionally accompanied by decreased sweating and intellectual disability. From 2010 to 2013, we (members of the Japanese Research Group on Cong...

There are few reports about congenital indifference to pain or Hereditary and Sensory Autonomic Neuropathy (HSAN). Several investigations for pathophysiology of this syndrome have been performed and different classifications about it. In this report we present a case of HSAN type II with general absence of pain and self amputations and leprosy-like damage of extremities which was suspected to b...

The article by Danziger and colleagues in this issue of Neuron evaluates empathy in a unique population--individuals with congenital insensitivity to pain. As such, it provides insights into the brain's ability to evaluate others' feeling to observed pain without having a specific sensory experience of pain itself.