A case study is presented describing how the South African national cadastral system was insufficient on its own to supply title security and land use control, with respect to newcomers to the city acquiring title in tribal areas. Land registration on its own, or even when accompanied with adjudication, does not necessarily deliver sustainable development. To ensure sustainable development, esp...

Research on the land use of the coastal zone in the sea–land direction will not only reveal its land use distribution, but may also indicate the interactions between inland land use and the ocean through associations between inland land use and seaward land use indirectly. However, in the existing research, few have paid attention to the land use in sea–land direction, let alone the sequential ...

A novel Concrete Printing process has been developed, inspired and informed by advances in 3D printing, which has the potential to produce highly customised building components. Whilst still in their infancy, these technologies could create a new era of architecture that is better adapted to the environment and integrated with engineering function. This paper describes the development of a viab...

Introduction Extensive pastoralism as practiced by East African pastoralists such as the Samburu of Northern Kenya, is premised on access to relatively large tracts of rangeland. Most pastoral land has been communally managed by groups of pastoralists who have, over time, developed rules and norms for regulating access to and use of the resources. In recent years, however, a number of pastoral ...

This chapter provides a historical perspective on the relationship between land and confl ict in Colombia, in which land is identifi ed as both a source and resource of confl ict. This relationship is central to understanding forced displacement in Colombia and this study argues that in light of signifi cant shortfalls in translating state policy on land and IDPs into practice, humanitarian age...

One triangle has angles measuring A, β−α and 90. The other triangle has angles measuring B, α− β, and 90. The two right angles are placed back to back with the two triangles having the same height. Using algebra and substitution, we got something that is similar to the proof but a couple of variables are switched, meaning that there is more work to do. I wonder if this method can be used though...

Model-based conformance testing aims to assess the correctness of an implementation with respect to a specification. This raises the question of a proper conformance relation that should be established between implementation and specification. One commonly used conformance relation is the so-called input output conformance (ioco), which is defined over labeled transition systems. In this paper ...

Conventionally the term conformance testing has been used to indiscriminately denote different types of conformance testing in a broad sense and the term interoperability testing has been used without regard to possibly different interoperability test architectures. This study classifies conformance testing into interface conformance testing and entity conformance testing and investigates how t...

Input-output conformance test theory for discrete systems has established itself in research and industry already. A couple of years ago also input-output conformance test theories for timed systems were defined. The next step is to develop conformance test theory for hybrid systems as well. In this report we present a conformance relation for model-based testing of hybrid systems and we formal...

Process mining techniques aim to extract knowledge from event logs. Conformance checking is one of the hard problems in process mining: it aims to diagnose and quantify the mismatch between observed and modeled behavior. Precise conformance checking implies solving complex optimization problems and is therefore computationally challenging for real-life event logs. In this paper a technique to a...