The small GTPases Ras or Rap1 were suggested to mediate the stimulatory effect of some G protein-coupled receptors on ERK activity in neuronal cells. Accordingly, we reported here that pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), whose G protein-coupled receptor triggers neuronal differentiation of the PC12 cell line via ERK1/2 activation, transiently activated Ras and induced th...

To study the ionic basis of salt sensitivity in hypertension, 19F-, 13P-, and 23Na-nuclear magnetic resonance techniques were used to measure cytosolic free calcium (Cai), pH (pHi), free magnesium (Mgi), and sodium (Nai) in erythrocytes of essential hypertensive subjects (n = 19). Individuals were studied for 2 mo each on low- (UNaV < 50 meq/d) and high- (UNaV > 200 meq/d) salt diets, with the ...

Acute ventricular loading by volume inflation reversibly slows epicardial electrical conduction, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated the potential contributions of stretch-activated currents, alterations in resting membrane potential, or changes in intercellular resistance and membrane capacitance. Conduction velocity was assessed using optical mapping of isola...

BACKGROUND Positional MRI (pMRI) allows for three-dimensional visual assessment of navicular position. In this exploratory pilot study pMRI was validated against a stretch sensor device, which measures movement of the medial plantar arch. We hypothesized that a combined pMRI measure incorporating both vertical and medial displacement of the navicular bone induced by loading would be correlated ...

this paper seeks to make an empirical analysis of the degree to which the research effort andfunctional integration into the design of environmental activity account for a company’s environmental actionbasedcompetitive advantage. to do so, we have used a sample of 110 factories. it has been proven that bothfactors (the research effort and functional integration into the design of environmental ...

this paper seeks to make an empirical analysis of the degree to which the research effort andfunctional integration into the design of environmental activity account for a company’s environmental actionbasedcompetitive advantage. to do so, we have used a sample of 110 factories. it has been proven that bothfactors (the research effort and functional integration into the design of environmental ...

one of the methods for the improvement of soil against the tensile stresses is using the artificial supplements in soil such as metal belts or nets, polymer materials and natural fibers. technically this method is called the reinforced of soil.  when a pavement is located on soft soil, great deformations can occur as a result of the crossing of traffic load in superstructure layers of the body....

Atmospheric deposition represents a major input for micronutrient trace elements (TEs) to the surface ocean and is often quantified indirectly through measurements of aerosol TE concentrations. Sea spray (SSA) dominates mass concentration over much global ocean, but few studies have assessed its contribution loading, which could result in overestimates “new” inputs. Low-mineral concentrations m...