conclusions accidents resulting in death, total disability, and partial disability impose a huge cost burden on society, whereas the employer will bear a relatively low cost. this is because of society’s health, treatment, and welfare systems available for treatment and rehabilitation of injured employees and their families. background occupational accidents represent one of the major problems ...

Fitness costs of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops occur in the absence of Bt toxins, when individuals with resistance alleles are less fit than individuals without resistance alleles. As costs of Bt resistance are common, refuges of non-Bt host plants can delay resistance not only by providing susceptible individuals to mate with resistant individuals, but also by selecting again...

OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to compare from a societal perspective the costs of systemic methotrexate administration with those of laparoscopic salpingostomy for the treatment of patients with tubal pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN An economic evaluation was set up in tandem with a multicenter randomized clinical trial that compared systemic methotrexate administration and laparoscopic salping...

This paper examines the causes on market concentration in advertisingsupported online markets such as sports, news, and email. In particular, it is the first paper to explore the relationship between concentration and product differentiation, economies of scale, market size, advertising, content costs, and multi-market ownership in online markets. As expected, differentiated large markets with ...

areas surrounding mines are severely vulnerable to pollution due to mine explorations, excavations and transportations. nowadays spectrophotometers and spectral reflectance are applied for estimating the concentration of pollutants due to high costs of sampling and laboratory measurements. this research was carried out to determine spatial distribution of lead concentration in soil particle siz...

The paper presents the design and the implementation of an automated meter reading system for heat costs allocation. The system was developed on three levels: the data acquisition level – where data are recorded from field with costs allocators installed on the radiators; a data concentration level – were data registered by allocators are read at a predetermined time interval with data concentr...

Objective 1. Identify diet formulations to improve reproductive performance (egg biochemical composition, fecundity, egg and fry quality) of catfish and determine associated effects on production costs. a. Manipulate dietary protein concentration and lipid sources and assess reproductive performance and diet effects on production costs (Tank Trial 1). b. Refine dietary protein and lipid sources...

We analyzed the effect of managerial ownership, leverage, and discretion on agency costs 14,719 Chilean companies. The results instrumental variables (IV) regressions indicate that ownership capital structure have a negative non-linear costs. Managerial concentration is an effective means internal control over costs, discarding entrenchment effect. impact debt suggests for high leverage levels,...

Economic impacts of agricultural carbon sequestration involve direct costs of sequestration management adoption as well as a variety of indirect costs and benefits. The nature and significance of these impacts are discussed. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in agriculture is identified as an influential factor. Techniques to estimate the cost of agricultural carbon sequestration are briefly r...