Article history: Received 5 April 2016 Received in revised form 14 September 2016 Accepted 15 September 2016 Available online 15 September 2016 In 2013, San Francisco was one of eight sites funded by Partnership for a Healthier America to implement Play Streets, a smaller-scale Open Streets-type initiative, aimed at increasing physical activity (PA) among children and youth by closing neighborh...

OBJECTIVES To investigate if the population living along streets with high traffic density has a higher prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms. METHODS A sample of 673 adults and 106 children (0-15 years), living along busy traffic streets in the city of Haarlem was compared with a control sample of 812 adults and 185 children living along quiet streets. Exposed and control streets were s...

Maintaining human thermal comfort (HTC) is essential for pedestrians because people outside can be more susceptible to heat stress and heat stroke. Modification of street microclimates using tree canopy cover can provide important benefits to pedestrians, but how beneficial and under what circumstances is not clear. On sunny summer days, microclimatic measures were made in residential streets w...

One hundred and fifty-six homeless adolescents and 319 homeless adults interviewed directly on the streets and in shelters were compared for backgrounds of abuse, adaptations to life on the streets, and rates of criminal victimization when on the streets. Homeless adolescents were more likely to be from abusive family backgrounds, more likely to rely on deviant survival strategies, and more lik...

Multimodal Complete Streets have emerged as a prominent aspiration of urban planning to ensure safe access for all users streets including pedestrians, bicyclists, motorists, and transit users. Concurrently, municipal leaders are pursuing ambitious tree planting initiatives. These co-arising trends potentially good news, trees important elements livable cities Streets. Yet, street may different...

Many natural and man-made lineaments form networks that can be analysed through entropy and energy considerations. Here we report the results of a detailed study of the variations in trends and lengths of 1554 named streets and 6004 street segments, forming a part of the evolving street network of the city of Dundee in East Scotland. Based on changes in the scaling exponents (ranging from 0.24 ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE To examine how child pedestrian exposure to risk, as measured by the mean number of streets crossed, varies according to indices of material disadvantage and ethnic group. DESIGN A questionnaire on pedestrian exposure to risk was distributed to children for completion by parents and return to school. Children from 40 schools were selected using a probability cluster design. ...

We consider the problem of a robot inside an unknown polygon that has to nd a path from a starting point s to a target point t. We assume that it is equipped with an on-board vision system through which it can get the visibility map of its surroundings. Furthermore, we assume that the robot is contained in a simple polygon that belongs to the class of generalized streets. We consider three prob...

We define an elliptic equation for Hermitian metrics which is related to the Einstein condition. Solutions to this equation are closely related to Kähler-Einstein metrics, and are automatically Kähler-Einstein when a certain non-positive condition is satisfied by c1(M). Given this, a natural flow equation arises taking Hermitian metrics to Kähler metrics. We prove short time existence and regul...

Mean streets represent those connected subsets of a spatial network whose attribute values are significantly higher than expected. Discovering and quantifyingmean streets is an important problem with many applications such as detecting high-crime-density streets and high crash roads (or areas) for public safety, detecting urban cancer disease clusters for public health, detecting human activity...