Abstract A large percentage of small- and medium-sized farms have ceased operations in the last 2 decades part due to their inability respond increased competitive intensity. Consequently, strategic responses farmers adopt intensity are important understand as they may influence performance ultimately survival. Based on a sample 388 randomly selected Sweden using structural equation modelling, ...

This study investigated relationships between the intensity (i.e. level) and direction (i.e. interpretation of anxiety as either debilitative or facilitative) dimensions of multidimensional competitive trait anxiety and the two mood structures of Positive (PA) and Negative Affect (NA). The Competitive Trait Anxiety Inventory-2, minus the self-confidence subscale and modified to include a direct...

Based on dynamic capability and contingency theory, authors examined the direct connection between Service innovation, Marketing innovation Customer satisfaction, interacting mechanism of competitive intensity. The research model hypotheses were developed from extant studies. Respondents 300 microfinance banks participated in survey. Analyses Smart PLS software showed that positively significan...

This study examined the intensity and direction of competitive anxiety symptoms and psychological skill usage in rugby union players of different skill levels. Elite (n=65) and nonelite (n=50) participants completed measures of competitive anxiety, self- confidence, and psychological skills. The elite group reported more facilitative interpretations of competitive anxiety symptoms, higher level...

N models typically suggest that prices rise in periods of high demand and cost. However, in many markets, prices fall when demand or costs rise. This inconsistency occurs because the normative models assume that competitive intensity does not change with demand and cost conditions over time. We therefore introduce the notion of time-varying competition by suggesting that it is important not onl...

Competitiveness of sporting contests is key to attract fan interest. However, limited research compared levels competitiveness in men’s and women’s sports. This study focuses on the evolution intra-match competitive balance (IMCB) intensity (IMCI) UEFA Men’s Women’s Champions League (UMCL UWCL). Data were initially collected for 3299 games over 2001–2019 (2314 UMCL; 985 UWCL) analyse within bet...

This paper provides nested sets and vector representations of knockout tournaments. The paper introduces classification of probability domain assumptions and a new set of axioms. Two new seeding methods are proposed: equal gap seeding and increasing competitive intensity seeding. Under different probability domain assumptions, several axiomatic justifications are obtained for equal gap seeding....