decentralization allows channel members to make their decisions, independently. in this decentralized channels, members may have different power to make its decisions. hence, decisions of each member may influence on the other members’ decisions. to model such situations, bi-level programming models are useful. in this study, a supply chain including one manufacturer and multiple competitive re...

Bi-level programming has been used widely to model interactions between hierarchical decision-making problems, and their solution is challenging, especially when the lower-level problem contains discrete decisions. The of such mixed-integer linear bi-level problems typically need decomposition, approximation or heuristic-based strategies which either require high computational effort cannot gua...

this paper proposes a bi-objective model for the facility location problem under a congestion system. the idea of the model is motivated by applications of locating servers in bank automated teller machines (atms), communication networks, and so on. this model can be specifically considered for situations in which fixed service facilities are congested by stochastic demand within queueing frame...

the most important issues that should be considered in studying disaster management include temporary settlement of injured population, supplying relief commodities, designing an appropriate communication infrastructure for communication during disaster. for this purpose, in this paper a model has been proposed for locating shelters, warehouses of relief commodities, and also telecom towers, wh...

The efficient design/redesign of the logistics network is essential for companies to maintain their competitive advantage. This paper presents a novel non-linear mixedinteger programming model for the multi-product capacitated location routing inventory problem (MPCLRIP), where a two-layer distribution system consisting of depots and customers was studied. The supply decisions such as location ...

Environmental pollution caused by coal gangue has been a significant challenge for sustainable development; thus, many coal gangue reduction approaches have been proposed in recent years. In particular, coal gangue facility (CGF) construction has been considered as an efficient method for the control and recycling of coal gangue. Meanwhile, the identification and selection of suitable CGF sites...

One of the most complicated decision making problems for managers is the evaluation of bank performance, which involves various criteria. There are many studies about bank efficiency evaluation by network DEA in the literature review. These studies do not focus on multi-level network. Wu (Eur J Oper Res 207:856–864, 2010) proposed a bi-level structure for cost efficiency at the first time. In t...