This memo proposes a program to develop a directory service for the Internet. It reports the results of a meeting held in February 1989, which was convened to review requirements and options for such a service. This proposal is offered for comment, and does not represent a committed research activity of the Internet community. Activity in this area is anticipated, and comments should be provide...

Bottom trawling is the most widespread human activity affecting seabed habitats. Here, we collate all available data for experimental and comparative studies of trawling impacts on whole communities of seabed macroinvertebrates on sedimentary habitats and develop widely applicable methods to estimate depletion and recovery rates of biota after trawling. Depletion of biota and trawl penetration ...

In countries with high levels of urbanization, protected areas are often subject to human disturbance. In addition to dealing with fragmentation, land managers also have to confront the loss of characteristic ecosystems due to biotic homogenization, which is the increasing similarity of species assemblages among geographically separate regions. Using ants as a model system, we explored whether ...

Background In many developing countries like Ghana, community volunteers assist in the provision of certain health services to rural and hard-to-reach communities. This study examined factors that influence the motivation and retention of community-based volunteers supporting with work on health-related activities at the community level in Ghana.   Methods Using a sequential mixed-method design...

the current challenge in health services research is disability to present comprehensive and effective intervention plans for community health promotion. there are numerous reasons in this regard, some of which can be overcome through performance-based participatory research methods. the population research center (prc) in tehran university of medical sciences (tums) provides the necessary grou...

This paper aims at showing how beneficial it is to use an analysis grid as a guide to evaluate the dynamics of an online community and, on the basis of this grid, to develop agent-based models to explore each of the dimensions characterizing online communities within this grid. Several models from different perspectives have been proposed to study the dynamics of online communities (socio-techn...

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to examine the effects of community-based rehabilitation program in chronic stroke patients. [Subjects and Methods] Eleven subjects received community-based rehabilitation program ten times for ten months. The main outcome measures were the Modified Barthel Index score for activities of daily living and the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination score for cogni...

The Resource Centers for Minority Aging Research (RCMAR) initiative was established in 1997 and currently includes six centers across the United States. The model of community engagement developed by all the RCMARs is Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR). This supplement explores the diverse methods of partnership building in each RCMAR and highlights some of the successes and challeng...

This instrumental case study documents a community-based participatory evaluation research (CBPER) project that involved a community partner, two graduate students, a faculty member, and an external funder. It highlights the fact that a participatory evaluation model is a viable way to conduct community-based research (CBR) when a community organization needs to know if the program services the...

over In Kenya, an estimated 270 new pediatric HIV infections occur each day (NASCOP 2002). Maternal-to-child transmission of the virus is the cause of most HIV infections in children. To address this problem, the Kenyan government has implemented prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services throughout the country. These services include routine HIV counseling and testing (CT), im...