Acne vulgaris is a complicated disease. It is primarily caused by dead skin, excessive sebum, and bacteria proliferation, all of which clogs hair follicles. The nature of this disease can start as comedone acne that affects young children, which progress into inflammatory acne in adolescent. The disease can persist into adulthood and is even reported to affect those 40 years of age. In adulthoo...

Dioxins is a compound family among persistent organic pollutants toxics produced by industrial wastes. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo -p-dioxin (TCDD) is a typical representative of dioxins, which not only exhibits systemic carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, immunotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, endocrine disruption and waste syndrome to humans, but also has effects on physiology and pathology of human ski...

© 2017 Indian Dermatology Online Journal | Published by Wolters Kluwer Medknow A 29‐year female presented to the skin outpatient department with asymptomatic lesions over the left side of the face and neck since 18 years. Initially, the lesions were gradually progressive, but had remained stable since the past 10 years. There was no history of trauma or irritation or a familial history of simil...

Malassezia folliculitis [MF] is caused by the invasion of hair follicles by large numbers of Malassezia cells, but it remains unclear which Malassezia species are involved in the disease. To clarify this situation, Malassezia species isolated from lesions of MF patients were analyzed by both culture and non-culture methods. In addition, Malassezia species recovered from the non-lesion areas of ...

Nevus comedonicus is a type of hamartoma that arises from a developmental anomaly of the mesodermal part of the pilosebaceous gland. In most cases of nevus comedonicus, an acne-like skin condition develops. Repeated inflammation can cause a morphological change to the cyst, papule, to abscess. We experienced a case of congenital nevus comedonicus, which led to the formation of large multiple cy...

Suppose /: X —• Y is a map of 1-connected spaces. In the "stable" range, roughly where the connectivity of Y exceeds the homology, or homotopy, dimension of X, it is well known that / can be extended as a cofibration C — X — Y, or respectively a fibration X — Y — B. A criterion is given for the existence of such extensions in a less restrictive "metastable" range. A main result is that if / is ...

Acne is a common inflammatory skin disease which affects the pilosebaceous units of the skin. It can have severe psychological effects and can leave the patient with severe skin scarring. There are four well-recognized pathological factors responsible for acne which is also the target for acne therapy. In this review, different treatment options are discussed, including topical (i.e., retinoids...

BACKGROUND Acne is a common disorder of the human pilosebaceous unit, yet the mechanisms underlying hyperkeratinisation and subsequent inflammation (comedogenesis) remain to be determined, although cutaneous pathogens are implicated. Previously, it was reported that the release of the cytokine interleukin-1α (IL-1α) by keratinocytes of the sebaceous duct was pivotal in the life cycle of the com...

BACKGROUND Lipid peroxide (LPO) in comedones, which are produced as a result of sebum oxidation, might potentially induce interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and exacerbate comedogenesis and inflammatory changes in comedones. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship of proinflammatory cytokines and LPO levels in the extracts of comedones with the acne of clinical difference between smokers and non-smoker...

The emergence of a completely new skin condition at the precise location different, unrelated and previously healed disease is referred to as "Wolf's isotopic response". It also post-herpetic response because it typically manifests after contracting varicella-zoster virus causing herpes zoster. Wolf’s rare, unique widely accepted phenomenon. In this study, we discuss various theories pro...