The risk-targeted seismic design framework is used to set intensities, based on achieving a target risk level (e.g., collapse or fatality risk) with respect an assumed building response. This paper assesses the distribution of associated intensity, considering uncertainty in both hazard and variety buildings that can satisfy minimum requirement. randomness among their response due other decisio...

Vulnerability assessment of structures encounter many uncertainties like seismic excitations intensity and response of structures. The most common approach adopted to deal with these uncertainties is vulnerability assessment through fragility functions. Fragility functions exhibit the probability of exceeding a state namely performance-level as a function of seismic intensity. A common approach...

Probabilistic seismic risk assessments (PSRA) are used to quantify the seismic damage probability of complex engineering structures due to seismic events. In such systems, the seismic capacities of individual relevant components are determined by structure mechanics. A significant digits computation method to quantify the mean seismic failure probability (fragility) for given component capacity...

Abstract Earthquake is a natural disaster that can induce immense damage to properties and human lives. Fragility curve, defined as the probability of reaching or exceeding specific state under an earthquake excitation, provides prediction may occur during earthquake. Incremental Dynamic Analysis Curve (IDA curve) developed from analysis be considered initial step fragility curve development. T...

In this postmortem, I find that the design, implementation, and maintenance of financial policies during the period from 1996 through 2006 were primary causes of the financial system’s demise. The evidence is inconsistent with the view that the collapse of the financial system was caused only by the popping of the housing bubble (“accident”) and the herding behavior of financiers rushing to cre...

On September 21, 2020, the Pasar Wage Building of Kabupaten Banyumas was hit by a fire causing spalling concrete and thus exposing steel reinforcement. This damage can affect performance safety building. For this reason, an evaluation is needed to determine post-fire structure propose necessary repair retrofitting. Investigation testing in field were carried out study as primary data for seismi...

History records that Aceh has been hit by earthquakes several times, including the largest recorded, on December 26, 2004 with a magnitude of 9.3 SR. In connection history disasters have occurred, there is need for safety and disaster preparedness. It very important to conduct feasibility study existing public buildings used in preparedness vulnerability against earthquakes. The type building d...

This paper, introduces a new methodology for the design and analysis of digital watermarking systems which, from an information theoretic point of view, incorporates robustness and fragility. The proposed methodology is developed by focusing on the probability of error versus watermark-to-noise ratio curve, describing the technique performance, and a scenario for coded techniques which takes in...