The possibility of producing bainite at low temperatures by suppressing transformation using substitutional solutes has been investigated, as an alternative to using large carbon concentrations to achieve the same purpose. It is found that although transformation temperatures can indeed be suppressed in this way, the difference between the bainite and martensite start temperatures diminishes. T...

There is a complicated relation between cold flat rolling parameters such as effective input parameters of cold rolling, output cold rolling force and exit thickness of strips. In many mathematical models, the effect of some cold rolling parameters has been ignored and the outputs have not a desirable accuracy. In the other hand, there is a special relation among input thickness of strips, the ...

there is a complicated relation between cold flat rolling parameters such as effective input parameters of cold rolling, output cold rolling force and exit thickness of strips. in many mathematical models, the effect of some cold rolling parameters has been ignored and the outputs have not a desirable accuracy. in the other hand, there is a special relation among input thickness of strips, the ...

Cold rolling behaviours of a commercial pure titanium have been studied by means of transmission electron microscopy. The results indicates: (1) In cold rolled titanium, there are a number of tangled dislocations which have often been observed in cold worked face centered cubic metals. (2) In 16.7% cold rolled Ti, imperfect structures with a high concentration of tangled dislocations were obser...

The martensite steels produced by quenching and tempering has been used for machine structural use. Martensite in ferrite-martensite dual-phase steels (hereinafter, DP steels) also has important roll in strengthening of the automobile steel sheets. Therefore the importance of analyzing the microstructure and their mechanical properties of the martensite has been increased year by year. Many res...

The effects of starting microstructure and intercritical annealing temperature on the phase-transformation kinetics microstructural evolution a prototype Fe–0.15C–5.56Mn–1.1Si–1.89Al medium-Mn third-generation advanced high-strength steel are examined. microstructures comprise 1) an as-received cold-rolled (CR) containing significant fraction ferrite tempered martensite 2) austenitized quenched...

In this paper, a medium-frequency inverter spot welder was used for resistance spot-welding experiments on 980 MPa grade cold-rolled δ-TRIP(Transformation-induced Plasticity) steel. The effects of the tempering process morphology, microstructure, element distribution, and properties spot-welded joints were studied by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Microscopy (TEM), Electron-Pr...

Two stage austenite ??-martensite ??-martensite phase transformation, phase-specific lattice strain evolution and load sharing during tensile deformation of a 13%Mn hot-rolled austenitic steel are revealed by in-situ neutron diffraction. Direct evidence is provided that serrated behavior attributed to discontinuous martensitic transformation.

This study was aimed to explain the influence of surface roughness of the drawbead on non-symmetry deep drawing cold rolled steel sheet to improve the drawability of cold rolled steel sheet. The variables used in this study included semi-circle drawbead with 3 levels of surface roughness which are 6.127 μm Ra, 0.963 μm Ra and 0.152 μm Ra and cold rolled steel sheet according to 3 grades of the ...