This paper proposes a cognitive model of presence which emphasizes the interaction of top-down and bottom-up processes, and the subsequent creation of temporary representations of an environment in working memory. These temporary representations (which we term constructions) are formations of meaning about the environment, which allow a subject to make inferences and interact in that environmen...

This paper proposes a cognitive model of presence which emphasizes the interaction of top-down and bottom-up processes, and the subsequent creation of temporary representations of an environment in working memory. These temporary representations (which are termed constructions) are formations of meaning about the environment, which allow a subject to make inferences and interact in that environ...

While the term “school absenteeism” refers to a student’s withdrawal from reach of classroom instruction, we explicitly opt for “class avoidance.” Existing studies on this phenomenon have primarily dealt with unauthorized physical absence class. However, in our contribution, extend scope cognitive absence. The behavior students who are physically present but cognitively disengaged has largely b...

In the example of the Venus statue there are the uncovered or so called original version and the covered or hidden version. Having the two objects, the visible and the covered, we have to acknowledge the fact that it is still an object, no matter of its presentation. These two different presentations of it are then divided into the known and the unknown. The statue covered with a veil raises mo...

This paper studies the reputation and transparency of cooperative movement in Malaysia. Keywords—Cooperative movement, reputation, transparency, web presence.

The authors examined whether the nature of the opponent (computer, friend, or stranger) influences Spatial Presence, emotional responses, and threat and challenge appraisals when playing video games. In a within-subjects design, participants played two different video games against a computer, a friend, and a stranger. In addition to self-report ratings, cardiac interbeat intervals (IBIs) were ...