Introduction: The possible presence of confined bodies of standing water on early Mars has been postulated for many years, both as large oceans [e.g., 1-5] and as lakes associated with impact crater or intercrater basins [e.g., 6-10]. The northern ocean hypothesis was tested using Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) elevations along two suggested shorelines, resulting in a fairly poor geopotent...

In-situ weathered bedrock, saprolite, is locally found in Scandinavia, where it is commonly thought to represent pre-Pleistocene weathering possibly associated with landscape formation. The age of weathering, however, remains loosely constrained, which has an impact on existing geological and landscape evolution models and morphotectonic correlations. Here we provide new geochronological eviden...

Irreplaceable, self-organizing landforms and the endemic and ecologically specialized biodiversity they support are threatened globally by anthropogenic disturbances. Although the outcome of disrupting landforms is somewhat understood, little information exists that documents population consequences of landform disturbance on endemic biodiversity. Conservation strategies for species dependent u...

This research focuses on the identification and description of various features of pseudokarst in different parts of Alvand granitic batholith, Hamedan, west of Iran. In the literature, karst features have been presented as specific types of terrain or landscapes with particular characteristics suites of well-known surface and subsurface dissolutional forms. Whereas, pseudokarst refers to non-d...

Both natural and anthropogenic coastal landforms characterize Penang Island. As years have passed it is a challenge to differentiate the genuineness of landmasses created by geological formations or reclamation projects. An account given environmental impact solid wastes used for reclaiming land in areas major sewage outfall western channel. Leaching heavy metals was shown be one main sources c...

Erosion is a major threat for coasts worldwide, beaches in particular, which constitute one of the most valuable coastal landforms. Vulnerability assessments related to beach erosion may contribute to planning measures to counteract erosion by identifying, quantifying and ranking vulnerability. Herein, we present a new index, the Beach Vulnerability Index (BVI), which combines simplicity in cal...

Tambakrejo Village has a unique landscape appearance. The landscape’s appearance needs to be identified determine the potential of natural resources. purpose this study is inventory resources using smartphones so they can used sustainably by local communities. method in field survey collecting data related with spatial approach. applications are Avenza Maps and Kobo Collect. results showed that...