[1] Coastal upwelling helps set the physical context for marine ecosystems, and upwelling zones are among the most productive regions of the global ocean. Unlike earlier models, two state-of-the-art climate models exhibit little change during the next century in the magnitude and seasonality of coastal upwelling, but climate models are still probably not sufficiently developed (for example, the...

Coastal areas play a crucial role in the economical, social and political development of most countries; they support diverse and productive coastal ecosystems that provide valuable goods and services. Globally flooding and coastal erosion represent serious threats along many coastlines, and will become more serious as a consequence of human-induced changes and accelerated sea-level rise. Over ...

extended abstractintroductiontoday, large number of world’s major cities is located in coastal environments these towns have and all important positions in the economic, cultural and social functions. coastal areas and the cities located in they are economically very important in terms of the environment, sensitive to many of factors influencing and physically, against a variety of natural haza...

It is highly likely that coastal erosion due to long-term sea level rise associated with global warming will have a significant impact on Australia’s coastal systems, and any associated infrastructure, over the next century. Long-term coastal erosion is thought to occur largely through sudden-onset storm events. Therefore, attempting to quantify this natural hazard is critical to future develop...

The coastal zone is a complex environment in which a variety of forcing factors interact causing shoreline evolution. Coastal managers seek to predict coastal evolution and to identify regions vulnerable to erosion. Here, a Bayesian network is developed to identify the primary factors influencing decadal-scale shoreline evolution of European coasts and to reproduce the observed evolution trends...

Introduct ion Data assimilation is the process of combining our knowledge of a system, including both observations and dynamics, to produce estimates of the state of a system. The state of a system, or state variable, describes the physical, chemical, or biological environment. Real, four-dimensional systems are generally under-sampled. This is particularly true in the coastal marine environmen...

1 Department of Geography and Environment, Romberg Tiburon Center for Environmental Studies, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, CA, USA, 2 Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY, USA, 3 Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, Eastern Marine and Coastal Resources Research Center, Rayong, Thailand, 4 Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, ...