Ground-based radiation measurements have been widely conducted to gain information on clouds and the surface radiation budget. To examine the existing techniques of cloud property retrieval and explore the underlying reasons for uncertainties, a newly developed approach that allows for simultaneous retrievals of cloud fraction and cloud albedo from ground-based shortwave broadband radiation mea...

the aim of the present paper is to study the cu-water nanofluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of a stretching permeable cylinder. thermal radiation effect is considered in energy equation. the governing partial differential equations with the corresponding boundary conditions are reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations with the appropriate boundary conditions using similari...

The new double-moment microphysics scheme described in Part I of this paper is implemented into a single-column model to simulate clouds and radiation observed during the period 1 April–15 May 1998 of the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic (SHEBA) and First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) Regional Experiment–Arctic Clouds Experiment (FIRE–ACE) field projects. Mean predi...

background: high-energy ionizing radiation is harmful and changes the genetic makeup of dna, which can lead to increased risk of cancer. thus, the exposure of radiation dose should be under control and limited. ionizing radiation might lead to some chromosome aberrations like dicentric. there is a strong relation between the frequency of dicentric chromosome in metaphase, and the received dose....

This paper describes a new method for parameterizing the conversion of convective cloud liquid water to rainfall (‘‘autoconversion’’) that can be used within large-scale climatemodels, and evaluates the newmethod using the Regional Climate Model, version 3 (RegCM3), coupled to the land surface scheme Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS). The new method is derived from observed distributions of...

Due to the crucial role of clouds, the knowledge of the horizontal and vertical distribution and the optical properties of globally distributed clouds is of fundamental importance to the understanding of the Earth radiation and heat balance, and of weather and climate of the atmosphere. Measurements of radiation from space play a fundamental role in helping us to understand how radiation depend...

Thermal radiation significantly impacts the energy balance of human beings, and is usually assessed via mean radiant temperature Tmrt. The longwave down-welling radiation (LDR) and the up-welling from ground (LUR) are rarely measured, but are in the same order of magnitude as daily means of shortwave irradiation. This study evaluates simple, but theoretically based algorithms for LDR and LUR by...

Introduction: Microdosimetry is a fundamental method that studies the nature of energy transfer in micron volumes in the particular biological cells. In a biological target, the amount of ionization does not indicate the magnitude of biological radiation-induced damage. However, the severity of biological harm depends strongly on the amount of the linear energy transfer along t...

Introduction: Sonophoresis has been assessed as a novel approach to create skin permeability and drug delivery using low frequencies of ultrasound waves in the range of 20 kHz to 3 MHz. In this study, a system including seven 40 kHz piezoelectric transducers and an insulin chamber designed by the Medical Physics Research Center has been evaluated on hyperglycemic rabbits. Materials and Methods:...

One of the main goals of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program is improvement of cloud and radiation parameterizations in general circulation models. This problem can be logically addressed within a three-step framework: 1) prediction of clouds from thermodynamic fields, 2) parameterization of microphysical properties of the clouds, and 3) parameterization of radiative properties ...