tetanus is a disease caused by tetanus toxin, a potent inhibitor for the release of inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system that causes spastic paralysis. fragment c (52 kd) of this toxin is responsible for binding to the neuronal membrane. for this reason, and also its non toxigenic and immunogenic nature, this fragment might be ideal for new vaccine development. presently, w...

Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile (C. difficile) is a gram-positive bacterium that infects the large intestine. The number of clostridium infections has increased in recent years due to multiple risk factors including frequent use antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors. virulence C. comes from its production toxins. Treatment for infection includes antibiotics, monoclonal antibodies, or fe...

Background: Metronidazole resistant clostridium difficile is one of significant pathogens in Iran. It is one of the WHO-declared microbial resistance emergencies. Prevalence of metronidazole resistant clostridium difficile is rising. The aim of this study was to detect prevalence of metronidazole-resistant clostridium difficile using meta-analysis in Iran. Methods: This study was conducted as ...

TO THE EDITOR—Several of us have served in the military, and the recent cover of Clinical Infectious Diseases (The Treatment of a Gangrenous Leg, woodcut, 16th century) [1] intrigued us. We wondered how much aggressive surgical debridement and effective antibiotic regimens have improved survival of patients with gas gangrene since that time? Clostridialmyonecrosis (gas gangrene), a monomicrobia...

The aim of this study was to identify different Clostridium spp. isolated from currency notes from the Ha'il region of Saudi Arabia in September 2014 using MALDI-TOF-MS. Clostridium spp. were identified by Bruker MALDI-TOF-MS and compared with VITEK 2. The confirmation of the presence of different Clostridium spp. was performed by determining the sequence of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. In this ...

seventy-five meconium samples were examined for the presence of ci. difficile: 3 strains were isola ted. additionally 45 labora tory animal faeces specimens were tested for the same purpose, a further 2 cases were isolated. these five suspicious strains were identified as ci. difficile acco rding to the tests mentioned in the previous paragraphs. the organisms . isolated here showed the same ch...

it is known that the major etiologic agent of pseudomembranous colitis in man is clostridium difficile. with respect to traditional use of almond paste in the treatment of infantile diarrhea, we studied the effects of the aqueous extract of amygdalus communis (aeac) on the growth and toxin production of clostridium difficile in culture medium and the rabbit ligated ileal loop. three groups of m...

Clostridium perfringens is an important pathogen that provokes numerous different diseases. This bacterium is classified into five various types, each of which capable of causing a distinct disease. There are various methods for the bacterial identification, many are labor-intensive, time-consuming, expensive and also show low sensitivity and specificity. The aim of this research was to identif...

The partial sequences (1465 bp) of the 16S rDNA of Clostridium novyi types A, B and C and Clostridium haemolyticum were determined. C. novyi types A, B and C and C. haemolyticum clustered with Clostridium botulinum types C and D. Moreover, the 16S rDNA sequences of C. novyi type B strains and C. haemolyticum strains were completely identical; they differed by 1 bp (level of similarity > 99.9%) ...