OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of clonazepam, in a fixed dose (2 mg/day), compared with placebo in the treatment of panic disorder patients. METHOD 24 panic disorder patients with agoraphobia were randomly selected. The diagnosis was obtained using the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV. All twenty-four subjects were randomly assigned to either treatment with clonazepam (2 mg/day...

Behavioral side effects associated with clonazepam may include agitation, aggression, hyperactivity, irritability, property destruction, and temper tantrums. These side effects may be inadvertently confused with other behavioral or psychiatric conditions, especially if exacerbation of existing challenging behavior occurs. This report describes an individual with mental retardation who experienc...

dispersive liquid–liquid micro–extraction (dllme) technique was successfully used as a sample preparation method for the determination of clonazepam in pharmaceutical preparations and water samples. in this method, a suitable mixture of methanol (disperser solvent) and chloroform (extraction solvent) was injected rapidly into a conical test tube that contained an aqueous solution of clonazepam....

Inexpensive, rapid, and reliable methods of detection are crucial to the control of toxicological investigations. Here we report a highly sensitive, selective and cost effective method for the detection of trace amounts of clonazepam based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the presence of melamine. Hydrogen bonding interactions between clonazepam and melamine resulted in the aggregation of AuNPs...

Benzodiazepines (BDZs) enhance GABA(A) receptor inhibition by direct actions on central BDZ receptors (CBRs). Although some BDZs also bind mitochondrial receptors [translocator protein (18 kDa) (TSPO)] and promote the synthesis of GABA-enhancing neurosteroids, the role of neurosteroids in the clinical effects of BDZs is unknown. In rat hippocampal slices, we compared midazolam, an anesthetic BD...

Hypersynchrony of spindle-like thalamic oscillations may contribute to thalamic dysrhythmias including generalized absence epilepsy. Here we show that, as predicted by previous modeling studies, enhancement of inhibition between thalamic reticular (RE) cells by clonazepam suppresses evoked oscillations in rat thalamic slices. We also observed spontaneous oscillations, which have a variable and ...

Clonazepam is long-acting benzodiazepine agonist used in short-acting benzodiazepine withdrawal; however, recent observations suggest the existence of its abuse. We demonstrate a 40-year-old man with a 20-year history of psychiatric care with recently benzodiazepine dependence (daily intake of 60 mg of clonazepam and 10 mg of alprazolam). High serum levels of both drugs were analyzed 3 weeks be...

PURPOSE The aim of the study was to target clonazepam, a CNS active drug, to the brain through the non-invasive intranasal (in) route using of nanocarriers with proven safety METHOD in clonazepam nanocarriers were prepared by mixing isopropyl myristate, Tween 80, Cremophor EL or lecithin, polyethylene glycol 200, propylene glycol or ethanol in different ratios with water. in-vitro characteriz...

OBJECTIVE We aim to determine if a treatment with a dose of clonazepam--2 mg/day, for 6 weeks, blocks spontaneous panic attacks and the ones induced by the inhalation of 35% carbon dioxide (CO2) in panic disorder (PD) patients. The CO2 challenge-test may be a useful addition tool for measuring the pharmacological response during the initial phase (6 weeks) in the treatment of PD. METHOD Eight...

BACKGROUND Physicians determine patient compliance with their medications by use of urine drug testing. It is known that measurement of benzodiazepines is limited by immunoassay specificity and cutoff limits and therefore does not offer physicians an accurate picture of their patients' compliance with these medications. A few studies have used lower cutoffs to demonstrate patient compliance. ...