Early detection of cognitive impairment can prevent or delay the progress of cognitive dysfunction. In the field of neurology, the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is one of the most popular instruments for detecting cognitive impairment. This paper presents the development of the ClockReader system, a computerized Clock Drawing Test. The main function of the system is to automate error handling in han...

The Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is a rapid, inexpensive, and popular neuropsychological screening tool for cognitive conditions. The Digital Clock Drawing Test (dCDT) uses novel software to analyze data from a digitizing ballpoint pen that reports its position with considerable spatial and temporal precision, making possible the analysis of both the drawing process and final product. We developed ...

In this paper, we discuss the challenges of sketch recognition accuracy and automation of the Clock Drawing Test (CDT). Sketch recognition in the context of the CDT is a complex problem due to the lack of knowledge of the preference bias among the sketches drawn by neuro-atypical patients. However, machine learning provides a viable solution to detect measurable patterns among sketches drawn in...

The clock drawing test (CDT) is a standard neurological test for detection of cognitive impairment. A computerised version of the test promises to improve the accessibility of the test in addition to obtaining more detailed data about the subject’s performance. Automatic handwriting recognition is one of the first stages in the analysis of the computerised test, which produces a set of recogniz...

The Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is a simple neuropsychological screening instrument that is well accepted by patients and has solid psychometric properties. Several different CDT scoring methods have been developed, but no consensus has been reached regarding which scoring method is the most accurate. This article reviews the literature on these scoring systems and the changes they have undergone ...