Most existing distributed systems use logical clocks to order events in the implementation of various consistency models. Although logical clocks are straightforward to implement and maintain, they may affect the scalability, availability, and latency of the system when being used to totally order events in strong consistency models. They can also incur considerable overhead when being used to ...

Switching the traffic in optical domain has been considerably investigated as a future-proof solution to overcome intrinsic bandwidth bottleneck of electrical switches data center networks (DCNs). However, due lack fast and scalable switch control mechanism, buffers for contention resolution, complicated implementation clock recovery (CDR), practical deployment centers (DCs) remains big challen...

Previous work in Drosophila has defined two populations of circadian brain neurons, morning cells (M-cells) and evening cells (E-cells), both of which keep circadian time and regulate morning and evening activity, respectively. It has long been speculated that a multiple oscillator circadian network in animals underlies the behavioral and physiological pattern variability caused by seasonal flu...

Consider two unit balls in a d-dimensional flat torus with edge length r, for d ≥ 2. The balls do not move by themselves but they are pushed by a Brownian motion. The balls never intersect—they reflect if they touch. It is proved that the joint distribution of the processes representing the centers of the balls converges to the distribution of two independent Brownian motions when r →∞, assumin...

Performance of 24h static Precise Point Positioning (PPP) solutions based on multi-GNSS precise satellite orbit and clock products from four analysis centers seven various constellation combinations was studied to evaluate their quality characteristics. Data ten European Chinese GNSS stations 152 days long period year 2020 were processed. Obtained coordinates firstly compared with those provide...

Over the past 20 years, the bulk of the literature and texts published about extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been written by physicians and nurses. The consensus of this body of printed information would suggest, among other things, that (1) despite significant advancements in extracorporeal technology, the standard ECMO circuit has remained fundamentally unchanged since original...

The Chinese BeiDou global satellite system (BDS-3) and regional (BDS-2) are predicted to coexist over the next decade. Intersystem biases (ISBs) in BDS-2/BDS-3 play a key role maintaining consistency continuity from BDS-2 BDS-3 time transfer. Here, we discuss temporal characteristics, parameter composition, generation mechanism, effect of ISBs on frequency orbits clock products three internatio...

By bringing industrial-grade robustness and reliability to Ethernet, Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) offers an IEEE standard communication technology that enables interoperability between standard-conformant industrial devices from any vendor. It also eliminates the need for physical separation of critical non-critical networks, which allows a direct exchange data operation centers companies, c...

Sleep-wake cycling is controlled by the complex interplay between two brain systems, one which controls vigilance state, regulating the transition between sleep and wake, and the other circadian, which communicates time-of-day. Together, they align sleep appropriately with energetic need and the day-night cycle. Neural circuits connect brain stem sites that regulate vigilance state with the sup...