Introduction & Objective: One of the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in gram negative bac-teria, particularly Klebsiella pneumonia strains, is the production of Extended-Spectrum β lactamase enzymes (ESBLs). Encoding genes of ESBLs are usually located on the plasmid and they are able to transfer to other gram-negative bacteria. Thus, due to the importance of resistance pattern recogniti...

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most important and prevalent bacterium isolated from clinical cases especially from hospitalized patients. Recent studies have focused on multiple drug resistant K.pneumoniae strains. In this survey, drug resistance in clinical isolates was studied with special reference to extended spectrum β-lactamase. Methods: A total of 303 K.pneumoniae strai...

Abstract Background and purpose: Multiple drug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains have spread in different parts of hospitals. The aim of this study was to design and synthesize an effective hybrid peptide by combining different parts of two peptides to achieve the highest antibacterial activity and its inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Materia...

ABSTRACT          Background and Objectives: Acinetobacter species are responsible for a wide range of clinical complications in hospitalized patients. Antimicrobial treatment of clinical strains of Acinetobacter baumannii may be compromised due to multiple-drug resistance to b-lactams. Aim of this study was to determine antibiotic resistance patterns an...

 Background and Objective: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is one of the most common gastrointestinal infections worldwide. Infection with H. pylori strains may results in different pathological manifestation and increased oxidative stress lead to a strong inflammatory response in gastric mucosa. There is continuing interest in identifying H. pylori virulence factors that might p...

Abstract Background and Objectives: Efflux pumps are one of the main mechanisms for antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli strains. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between 5 different efflux pump genes; acrA, acrB, emrA, emrB and mdtk and fluoroquinolone resistance in E.coli Isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in Qom. Methods: In this descriptive cr...