The relatively high yield of acetic acid from hypoxanthine is of considerable significance because a direct decomposition of the Ca chain in 1 mole of hypoxanthine cannot give more than 1 mole of a Cz compound. The observed yield of approximately 1.25 moles of acetic acid indicates that the formation of at least part of the acetic acid must involve a condensation either between two CB compounds...

The fermentation performance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the cellulose to ethanol conversion process is largely influenced by the components of pretreated biomass. The insoluble solids in pretreated biomass predominantly constitute cellulose, lignin, and -to a lesser extent- hemicellulose. It is important to understand the effects of water-insoluble solids (WIS) on yeast cell physiology and ...

Microorganisms that require p-aminobenzoic acid or compounds of the folic acid group may have either requirement replaced by a purine and thymine (or thymidine) and several amino acids or vitamin B12 (Lampen et al., 1949; Stokstad, 1941; Baker et al., 1955); the vitamins, p-aminobenzoic or folic acids, are believed necessary for the synthesis of those compounds which can bypass them (Shive, 195...

Department of Biotechnology, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga 585106, Karnataka, India. [email protected] and [email protected] ABSTRACT: In this experiment the seed oils of 30 Neem (Azadirachta indica. A. juss) biotypes were screened and evaluated for their physio-chemical parameters for oil content, biodiesel yield, density, viscosity, iodine value , free fatty acid, saponification ...

Crataeva religiosa G. Forst. var. nurvala (Buch.-Ham.) Hook. F. & Thomson (syn. Crataeva nurvala Buch.-Ham.), a fast growing medicinal tree species, has been successfully micropropagated under in vitro conditions. Direct multiple shoots were regenerated from nodal explants on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium, solidified by agar and supplemented with 1 mg/L 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP) and 0.5 m...

Two-dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis of the membrane fraction of Acetobacter aceti revealed the presence of several proteins that were produced in response to acetic acid. A 60-kDa protein, named AatA, which was mostly induced by acetic acid, was prepared; aatA was cloned on the basis of its NH2-terminal amino acid sequence. AatA, consisting of 591 amino acids and containing ATP-binding...

1. Inmildlyalkaline suspension collagenis acetylated by acetic anhydride at the free amino groups. The number of N-acetyl groups introduced is equal to the total number of lysine and hydroxylysine residues found by analysis. 2. Dry collagen does not react with cold acetic anhydride, but in the presence of acetic acid or of small amounts of water both Nand O-acetylation take place. 3. The reacti...

Background: Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.] is a nutrient-rich vegetable crop widely grown in the tropics and sub-tropics mainly for its edible pods. The haploid technique has been used plant breeding improvements of plants to develop new varieties relatively short time. Hence, we have optimized several factors such as growth regulators (PGR), sucrose concentration, cold treatment, t...

Cytokinin affects the requirement for auxin of a strain of tobacco callus (Nicotiana tabacum) which is cytokinin-autotrophic when grown on Murashige and Skoog medium with 11.4 mum of indole-3-acetic acid but requires cytokinin 6-(3-methyl-2-butenylamino)purine (i(6) Ade) when grown on the same medium with <3 mum indole-3-acetic acid. As the exogenous concentration of cytokinin (i(6) Ade) is inc...

This work describes a micropropagation protocol for plants of Cynara scolymus cv. Early French, employing cyclodextrins during the rhizogenesis stage. Shoot apices were established in basic culture medium consisting of Murashige Skoog mineral salts modified by 50% reduction in NH4NO3 and KNO3, Heller's micronutrients, Gamborg's vitamins, 100 mg l ÿ1 myo-inositol, 30 g lÿ1 saccharose and 8.0 g l...