Glutamate has a key role in pain perception and also development of tolerance and dependence to morphine. It has been reported that clavulanic acid affects glutamatergic transmission via activation of glutamate transporter. Therefore the present study was aimed to evaluate the possible antinociceptive effect of clavulanic acid and its preventive activity against development of morphine toleranc...

A group of staphylococcal isolates for which oxacillin MICs were intermediate (1 to 4 micrograms/ml) were studied to establish the role of beta-lactamase in this phenomenon. MICs and MBCs of oxacillin and penicillin with and without clavulanic acid or sulbactam (4 or 16 micrograms/ml, respectively) were determined for 11 Staphylococcus aureus and 2 coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates for...

The effect of clavulanic acid on the susceptibility of 32 strains of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli to eight beta-lactam agents was studied. Almost all strains tested became susceptible to amoxicillin and ticarcillin with 1 microgram of clavulanic acid per ml. This compound had little or no effect on susceptibility to penicillin G, cephalothin, cefamandole, and cefoxitin. Clavulani...

Metal ions are the main impurities of water and media ingredients used in fermentation processes. In this research, the effect of Ca+2, Co+2, Cu+2, Fe+2, Mg+2, Mn+2 and Zn+2 as chloride and sulfate salts was studied on the clavulanic acid production and Streptomyces clavuligerus growth. All chloride salts had negative effect on clavulanic acid production and no clavulanic acid was produced in t...

The selection of new microorganisms able to produce antimicrobial compounds is hoped for to reduce their production costs and the side effects caused by synthetic drugs. Clavulanic acid is a β-lactam antibiotic produced by submerged culture, which is widely used in medicine as a powerful inhibitor of β-lactamases, enzymes produced by bacteria resistant to antibiotics such penicillin and cephalo...

The aims of this investigation were to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, and to identify parameters that may affect their observed differences in absorption. Data were obtained from plasma concentration-time curves from four different open, randomized, two-treatment, two-period, two-sequence, crossover Phase I bioequivalence studies, with the following...

The aims of this investigation were to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters and to identify parameters, based on individual plasma concentration-time curves of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in cats, that may govern the observed differences in absorption of both drugs. The evaluation was based on the data from plasma concentration-time curves obtained following a single-dose, open, randomi...

This study investigated the resistance of various Salmonella strains to beta-lactam antibiotics. Salmonella Minnesota (36 strains) and Salmonella Heidelberg (24 strains) were isolated from broiler chickens and carcasses by the Disk Diffusion Test and resistance genes blaCTX-M-8, blaACC-1 and blaCMY-2 were detected by PCR. Of the 60 strains tested, 80% were resistant to at least one antibiotic. ...

BACKGROUND The efficacy of an antibiotic is related to its concentration at the site of infection. Previous studies of the concentrations of amoxycillin and clavulanic acid (co-amoxiclav) in respiratory secretions or whole lung tissue have suffered from methodological problems. The concentration of amoxycillin and clavulanic acid was determined in bronchial mucosal biopsy samples obtained at br...

Cephamycin C production was blocked in wild-type cultures of the clavulanic acid-producing organism Streptomyces clavuligerus by targeted disruption of the gene (lat) encoding lysine epsilon-aminotransferase. Specific production of clavulanic acid increased in the lat mutants derived from the wild-type strain by 2- to 2.5-fold. Similar beneficial effects on clavulanic acid production were noted...