a depressed bridge of the nose; the majority had keratitis; the rest had associated syphilitic osteomyelitis and chronic rhinitis. The author (1942) reported four cases of congenital syphilis. Higoumenakis (1938) has drawn attention to the importance of the enlargement of the clavicle (usually the right) as a diagnostic sign of late congenital syphilis, has reported the presence of this sign in...

Fractures of the clavicle comprise between 5% to10% of all fractures. Medial clavicular fractures are uncommon and are normally caused by high-energy trauma. A low impact mechanism of injury should raise suspicion of a pathological fracture, but this case report highlights the difficulty in diagnosing the pathological nature of an acute fracture of the clavicle. We describe a patient who presen...

In an osteological collection of 3100 specimens, 70 were found with unilateral clavicular fractures which were matched with 70 randomly selected normal specimens. This formed the basis of a study of the incidence of arthritis of the acromioclavicular joint and the effect of clavicular fracture on the development of arthritis in the ipsilateral acromioclavicular joint. This was graded visually o...

This study aimed at comparing the results of clavicular fracture fixation with AO Reconstruction (Recon) plate and Dynamic Compression Plate (DCP). The case notes of 39 patients with 40 acute and chronic clavicular fractures were retrospectively reviewed. The indications for fixation for acute cases comprised open fractures, the presence of sufficient skin tenting to risk skin integrity, neurov...

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 3% of all cancer cases. RCCs usually metastasize to the lungs, bones, liver, or brain. Only <1% of patients with bone metastases manifested clavicular RCC metastases. Thus, clavicular metastasis as the initial presentation of RCC is extremely rare. We report a patient with RCC metastasis to the left clavicle, which was first presented with p...

According to Langen (1934), who made an extensive study of the pathology of degenerative processes in the sterno-clavicular joint in 200 necropsies, it may be involved from the age of 20 and constantly shows signs of osteo-arthritis after the age of 50. However, few authors seem to have made clinical observations of degenerative disease at this site (Bonola and Mastragostino, 1954; Westermann, ...

Pectoralis major (PMa) muscle injuries are becoming more prevalent, and their incidence differs among the PMa regions, i.e., clavicular, sternal, abdominal regions. Therefore, identifying position for effectively lengthening each region is critical in preventing injuries. The purpose of this study was to determine effective stretching through shear wave elastography, which can indirectly assess...

BACKGROUND The carina level has been shown to be near the pericardial reflection and can easily be identified as a landmark on a routine chest radiography. The purpose of this study was to reveal a simple method to predict the adequate central venous catheter (CVC) depth, hereby facilitating safe positioning of the CVC tip. METHODS Central venous catheterization was performed via the right in...

BACKGROUND Surgery for clavicular shaft fractures is becoming more common but incisional and chest wall numbness reportedly occurs in 10% to 29% of patients. This may be the result of iatrogenic injury to the supraclavicular nerve branches. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We determined if there was a predictable branching pattern of the supraclavicular nerve at the anterior clavicular border and determine...