Ta‘miye, which is the process of encrypting person names and epithets in verse prosetexts with orthographic figurative methods, expanded its scope over time createdthe muamma poems considered an independent poetic genre whose first examplesappeared Arabic literature. Poem examples that are evaluated as works within themuamma brought to our literature by translation Persian treatises MirHussein ...

In recent decades, various theories and movements have been formed regarding women their role in human society, a number of experts sought to eliminate gender stereotypes arising from patriarchal culture. They identifying women. Among them is Clarissa Pincola Estes, who has taken an important step achieving dignity for with her theory creative the field classical Persian literature, despite dom...

Naḥūm was a Kurdish Jewish prophet who lived in northern Syria the period of Assyrian conquests and internecine wars over 2,500 years ago. Part Naḥūm’s long poem, which is Kurdish-Persian genre Shāḥnāma has since been included canonized Hebrew Bible. The first chapter Book Naḥūm, henceforth Section I song praise (panegyric) introducing main protagonist – this case HaShem. II III carry on with n...

persian painting used to be dependent on persian literature for decades. among persian poets nizami is one of the most famous storytellers of 7th (13th a.d) century. containing elaborations and outstanding pictorial power, his valuable works and especially the masterpiece of “leili & majnun” is imitated by poets in various schools and is painted times and times by different miniaturists in diff...

The paper proposes a novel solution to the problem of exceptional scope (ES) of (in)definites, exemplified by the widest and intermediate scope readings of the sentence Every student of mine read every poem that a famous Romanian poet wrote. We propose that the ES readings have two sources: (i) discourse anaphora to particular sets of entities and quantificational dependencies between these ent...

Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is the application of esophageal myotomy to the concept of natural orifice transluminal surgery (NOTES) by utilizing a submucosal tunneling method. Since the first case of POEM was performed for treating achalasia in Japan in 2008, this procedure is being more widely used by many skillful endosopists all over the world. Currently, POEM is a spotlighted, emergin...

banugoshasb-nameh is a national epic poem written in imitation of ferdowsi's shahnameh about banugoshasb's life and courage, daughter of rostam. the poem, the only epic in persian literature is the central story of a heroic woman. most researchers, who have studied this poem, have focused on the presence of banugushasb in the context of epic and her heroism. they sometimes related her...

A 54-year-old woman sought clinical consultation because of a > 27-year history of dysphagia. She had an Eckardt score of 13 and was diagnosed with sigmoid-type achalasia (S2 type, type II) based on esophageal motility testing, upper endoscopy, barium esophagography, and clinical presentations. We investigated a technique of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) performed directly without a submuco...