Ehrlich FRS & Ehrlich [1] claim that overpopulation , over-consumption and the future climate mean that 'preventing a global collapse of civilization is perhaps the foremost challenge confronting humanity'. What is missing from the well-referenced perspective of the potential downsides for the future of humanity is any balancing assessment of the progress being made on these three challenges (a...

Tiwanaku was a regionally significant, state level polity in the south-central Andes from ca. 500–1000 CE. The development of complex society region greatly facilitated through intensified agricultural systems that relied on monsoonal precipitation. At end first millennium CE, political regime collapsed, and their raised field were mostly abandoned within 200 years or less. It has been suggeste...

Previous critiques of the Drake Equation have highlighted its deterministic nature, implying that number civilizations is same at all times. Here, I build upon earlier work and present a stochastic formulation. The birth within galaxy modeled as following uniform rate (Poisson) process, with mean $\lambda_C$. Each then experiences constant hazard collapse, which defines an exponential distribut...

The inequality of wealth distribution is a universal phenomenon in civilized nations and it is often imputed to the Matthew effect, that is, the rich get richer and the poor get poorer. Some philosophers unjustified this phenomenon and tried to put the human civilization upon the evenness of wealth. Noticing the facts that 1) the emergence of centralism is the starting point of human civilizati...

collapse of the soviet :union: is considered as the most significant development happened in the last decades of the previous century. transformation of power relations and balance of forces at regional level as well as activation of transregional and particularly regional powers to maintain their presence and extend their influence over southern soviet :union: could be mentioned as consequence...

The ChaldoAssyrians (also known as Assyrians, Chaldeans, and Syriacs) are the indigenous people of Mesopotamia and have a history spanning over 6700 years. Today's ChaldoAssyrians are the descendants of the ancient multiethnic Assyrian empire and one of the earliest civilizations emerging in Mesopotamia. Although the Assyrian empire ended in 612 B.C., history is replete with recorded details of...